发表机构
Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室非线性研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文综述了恒星坍缩爆炸的电磁探针（从激波突破到超新星遗迹），探讨其背后的物理机制及所需的理论建模，以补充引力波和中微子探测，揭示爆炸引擎的奥秘。
AI 中文摘要
恒星坍缩爆炸在天文学的几乎所有方面都至关重要：致密遗迹的形成（包括超大质量黑洞的潜在种子）、产生X射线双星和射电脉冲星的致密双星的形成、许多重元素的起源（星系化学演化的关键方面），以及作为探测早期宇宙（包括恒星形成的性质）的标准烛光。由于这些爆炸发生在极端条件下，如果我们能够理解它们，它们就可以用来探测基础物理：极端密度下的物质（超过核密度、夸克形成）、中微子物理（包括中微子振荡），以及在黑洞形成系统中相对论的本质。引力波和中微子提供了对恒星坍缩最直接的探测，但这些诊断手段需要邻近的事件。电磁探针，从激波突破到超新星遗迹的观测，可以更为常见，并提供对恒星坍缩背后爆炸引擎的补充诊断。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了这些电磁诊断、其背后的物理原理，以及我们利用这些探针所需的理论和建模工作。
英文摘要
Explosions from stellar collapse are important in nearly all aspects of astronomy: formation of compact remnants (including the potential seeds of supermassive black holes), the production of compact binaries the produce X-ray binaries and radio pulsars, the origin of many of the heavy elements (a critical aspect of galactic chemical evolution), and as standard candles to probe the early universe (including the nature of star formation). Because these explosions occur in extreme conditions, if we can understand them, they can be used to probe fundamental physics: matter at extreme densities (exceeding nuclear densities, quark formation), neutrino physics (including neutrino oscillations) and, in black-hole forming systems, the nature of relativity. Gravitational waves and neutrinos provide the most direct probe of stellar collapse, but these diagnostics require nearby events. Electromagnetic probes, from shock breakout to observations of supernova remnants, can be much more common and provide complementary diagnostics of the explosive engines behind stellar collapse. In this review, we review these electromagnetic diagnostics, the physics behind them and the theory and modeling work we require to take advantage of these probes.
Comments32 pages, 19 pages, Topical review
