随机化在线集合覆盖的紧致 $\widetilde \Omega(\sqrt{m})$ 信息论下界
A Tight $\widetilde Ω(\sqrt{m})$ Information-Theoretic Lower Bound for Randomized Online Set Cover
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文证明信息论随机化在线集合覆盖的紧致 $\Omega(\sqrt{m})$ 下界,表明即使计算无限,随机化也无法达到 $O(\log m)$ 竞争比,并推广到随机顺序模型和内存受限情形。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在线集合覆盖是在线算法中的一个基本问题,已知存在一个确定性的 $O(\log m\log n)$-竞争比算法,其中 $m$ 是集合的数量,$n$ 是元素的数量。对于确定性算法以及假设 $\mathrm{NP}\not\subseteq\mathrm{BPP}$ 的多项式时间随机化算法,这个界本质上是紧的。然而,对于对抗性对手(oblivious adversary)的信息论(计算能力无限)随机化算法,已知的最佳下界仅为 $\Omega(\log m)$,而以 $m$ 表示的上界为 $O(\sqrt m\log m)=\widetilde O(\sqrt m)$。我们证明了信息论随机化无权在线集合覆盖的 $\Omega(\sqrt m)$ 下界,表明即使具有无限的计算能力,随机化也无法实现 $O(\log m)$-竞争比。具体来说,我们的下界排除了对于每个常数 $\varepsilon>0$ 的 $O(\log m\cdot\log^{1/2-\varepsilon} n)$-竞争比算法。我们的技术还证明了在随机顺序模型中的 $\Omega(m^{1/3})$ 下界,并表明每个具有 $poly(m)$ 内存的算法的竞争比为 $\Omega(m/\log m)$,即使在请求之间具有无限计算能力也是如此。
英文摘要
Online set cover is a fundamental problem in online algorithms, admitting a deterministic $O(\log m\log n)$-competitive algorithm, where $m$ is the number of sets and $n$ is the number of elements. This is essentially tight for deterministic algorithms as well as for polynomial-time randomized algorithms assuming $\mathrm{NP}\not\subseteq\mathrm{BPP}$. However, the best lower bound known for information-theoretic (computationally unlimited) randomized algorithms against an oblivious adversary is only $Ω(\log m)$, whereas the upper bound in terms of $m$ is $O(\sqrt m\log m)=\widetilde O(\sqrt m)$. We prove an $Ω(\sqrt m)$ lower bound for information-theoretic randomized unweighted online set cover, showing that even with unbounded computational power, randomization cannot achieve an $O(\log m)$-competitive ratio. Specifically, our lower bound rules out $O(\log m\cdot\log^{1/2-\varepsilon} n)$-competitive algorithms for every constant $\varepsilon>0$. Our techniques also prove an $Ω(m^{1/3})$ lower bound in the random-order model, and show that every algorithm with $poly(m)$ memory has competitive ratio $Ω(m/\log m)$, even with unlimited computation between requests.