发表机构
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Department of Physics, George Washington University; Department of Physics, University of Miami; Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tampa; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baylor University; Physics and Astronomy, Bowdoin College; Department of Physics, Montana State University; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania（美国国家航空航天局马歇尔太空飞行中心; 路易斯安那州立大学物理与天文学系; 美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心; 乔治华盛顿大学物理系; 迈阿密大学物理系; 卡内基梅隆大学物理系; 坦帕大学物理与天文学系; 洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室; 贝勒大学物理与天文学系; 鲍登学院物理与天文学; 蒙大拿州立大学物理系; 约翰斯·霍普金斯大学物理与天文学系; 哈佛史密森尼天体物理中心; 加州理工学院喷气推进实验室; 宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出Hydra星座，一种面向时域天体物理学的增殖型空间架构，通过低成本航天器协同提供多波段观测能力，以应对发现丰富但后续观测受限的挑战，并支持多信使天文学研究。
AI 中文摘要
时域与多信使天体物理学（TDAMM）正进入一个发现丰富但后续观测受限的时代，这迫切需要对响应迅速、多波段的太空能力的需求。Hydra星座是一个面向时域天体物理学的增殖型空间架构概念。该星座将作为一个由协调的、相对低成本的航天器组成的分解式天文台，共同提供传统上集中于单个大型任务中的能力。该架构将结合持续的宽视场伽马射线监测、宽视场和聚焦X射线观测，以及快速响应的紫外、光学和红外成像与光谱观测。该星座将既发现高能瞬变事件，又响应来自引力波探测器、中微子天文台以及地面和太空巡天的外部警报，利用低延迟通信、自动化事件优先级排序和社区协调框架来快速分配观测资源。增殖型架构相比单个更大任务具有操作优势，包括对多个目标的同时观测、单个航天器故障后的优雅降级、定期技术更新，以及商业、国际和慈善贡献节点加入网络的机会。该星座将解决关于宇宙加速器、元素的起源与演化、极端密度下物质行为以及通过引力波标准汽笛探究暗能量本质的基本问题。本白皮书介绍了提交给NASA的ASTRA计划、供宇宙起源计划分析组（CoPAG）和宇宙物理学计划分析组（PhysPAG）考虑的水瓶座概念描述。
英文摘要
Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (TDAMM) is entering a discovery-rich but follow-up-limited era, creating an urgent need for responsive, multiwavelength space-based capabilities. The Hydra constellation is a concept for a proliferated space architecture for time-domain astrophysics. The constellation would act as a disaggregated observatory composed of coordinated, relatively low-cost spacecraft that collectively provide capabilities traditionally concentrated within a single large mission. The architecture would combine persistent wide-field gamma-ray monitoring, wide-field and focused X-ray observations, and rapid-response ultraviolet, optical, and infrared imaging and spectroscopy. The constellation would both discover high-energy transients and respond to external alerts from gravitational-wave detectors, neutrino observatories, and ground- and space-based surveys, using low-latency communications, automated event prioritization, and community coordination frameworks to rapidly assign observing resources. A proliferated architecture would offer operational advantages over a single larger mission, including simultaneous observations of multiple targets, graceful degradation following individual spacecraft failures, recurring technology refresh, and opportunities for commercial, international, and philanthropic contributed nodes to join the network. The constellation would address fundamental questions concerning cosmic accelerators, the origin and evolution of the elements, the behavior of matter at extreme density, and the nature of dark energy through gravitational-wave standard sirens. This white paper presents the Hydra concept description that was submitted to NASA's ASTRA initiative for consideration by the Cosmic Origins Program Analysis Group (CoPAG) and Physics of the Cosmos Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG).
Comments7 pages, 1 table
