基准测试量子计算机的计算能力
Benchmarking the computational power of quantum computers
- Sandia National Laboratories（桑迪亚国家实验室）
- Quantinuum
- University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）
- NVIDIA Corporation（英伟达公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文提出QUOPS基准，跨平台测量量子计算机执行最大相关电路的能力和速度，实验于三家领先处理器，指出需增长5个数量级并评估容错逻辑处理器，以追踪量子效用进展。
AI中文摘要：
量子计算硬件正快速发展，迈向能够实现科学突破的效用级机器。许多团队正在采用不同的量子比特技术和逻辑架构，追求这一目标，但路径各异且难以相互比较。因此，追踪量子效用的进展需要严格的基准测试，这些基准测试需衡量相对于效用级挑战问题的计算能力，并能在不同平台间进行公平比较。在此，我们展示了一种新的基准测试方法，可直接跨平台测量量子计算能力，该方法量化了机器能够成功执行的最大计算相关量子电路的大小及其执行速度。我们将这一量子通用操作性能系统（QUOPS）实验性地应用于来自Quantinuum、Google和IBM的领先处理器，直接在物理量子比特上进行计算。将公认的、代表有用量子计算的挑战问题的最新资源需求转化为有效的QUOPS电路大小，表明计算能力必须增长5个数量级，这推动了容错方法的采用。我们使用相同的基准测试评估了一个简单的容错逻辑量子比特处理器的性能，该处理器使用Quantinuum Helios-1在多达八个[[7,1,3]]编码的逻辑量子比特上实现，并预测了容错量子计算机在连续几代中的能力增长，以展示QUOPS如何追踪量子科学效用的进展。
英文摘要：
Quantum computing hardware is advancing rapidly toward utility-scale machines that will enable scientific breakthroughs. Many teams are pursuing distinct and difficult-to-compare routes to this goal, using different qubit technologies and logical architectures. Tracking progress toward quantum utility therefore requires rigorous benchmarks that measure computational capability relative to utility-scale challenge problems and enable fair comparison across disparate platforms. Here we demonstrate direct, cross-platform measurement of quantum computational capability using a new benchmark that quantifies the size of the largest computationally relevant quantum circuits that a machine can execute successfully and the speed at which it can execute them. We apply this quantum universal operation performance system (QUOPS) experimentally to leading processors from Quantinuum, Google, and IBM, computing directly on physical qubits. Translating state-of-the-art resource requirements for recognized challenge problems that represent useful quantum computation into effective QUOPS circuit sizes shows that computational capability must grow by 5 orders of magnitude, motivating fault-tolerant approaches. We use the same benchmark to assess the performance of a simple fault-tolerant logical-qubit processor implemented on up to eight [[7,1,3]]-encoded logical qubits using Quantinuum Helios-1, and project the growth of capability across successive generations of fault-tolerant quantum computers to show how QUOPS can track progress toward quantum scientific utility.
