断裂力学与地震动力学中的统计物理与社会物理模型与度量：导论
Models and Measures of Statistical Physics and Sociophysics for Fracture Mechanics and Earthquake Dynamics: An Introduction
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述断裂力学与地震动力学中的统计物理与社会物理模型，填补教材空白，介绍极端统计特性及前兆不平等度量，面向跨学科读者。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
自人类文明初期以来，材料的断裂或破坏以及地震造成的损害或毁灭便引起了我们的关注。事实上，大约在1500年，列奥纳多·达·芬奇做出了开创性的观察：与材料的弹性常数（后来由胡克于1678年形式化）不同，名义上相同的铁丝的拉伸（断裂）强度随其长度急剧下降，这表明材料在极大尺寸极限下断裂强度趋于消失，从而暗示了构建任意大型结构的不可能性。这是首次观察到，与无序材料的弹性（在热力学极限下仍保持定义，即自平均统计）不同，无序材料的断裂性质具有极端（非自平均）统计特性。尽管在统计物理建模和表征断裂力学（始于1921年艾伦·格里菲斯的裂纹成核理论和1926年弗雷德里克·托马斯·皮尔斯的薄弱环节失效纤维束模型）以及地震动力学（始于1967年罗伯特·伯里奇和利昂·克诺波夫的连续动力学模型，以及后来的其他离散或晶格训练模型或粘滑地震的分形重叠模型）方面取得了重大且部分精确的进展，但凝聚态物理或统计物理领域尚无研究生水平教科书介绍这些基本模型及其性质。如今，计算机科学家和社会科学家（携其社会不平等度量应用于前兆破坏中的雪崩统计）正联手探索大尺度雪崩或破坏的新的前兆不平等度量。本导论性综述旨在填补这一空白，旨在向更广泛的受众介绍这些内容，并将他们带到这些领域的当前前沿。
英文摘要
The breaking or fracture of materials and damages or devastations due to earthquakes have caught our attention since the earliest stage of human civilization. In fact, at around 1500, Leonardo Da Vinci made the pioneering observation that, unlike elastic constants (formalized later by Hooke in 1678) of the materials, the tensile (breaking) strengths of nominally identical iron wires decrease drastically with their length, indicating the vanishing breaking strength of materials in the large size limit, suggesting the impossibility of constructing arbitrarily large structures. This was the first observation that unlike the elasticity of disordered materials, which remains defined in the thermodynamic limit (self averaging statistics), the breaking properties of the disordered materials have extreme (non self averaging) statistics. In spite of major and some precise developments in statistical physical modelling and characterizing the fracture mechanics (starting with Allan Griffith's crack nucleation theory in 1921 and the weakest link failure Fibre Bundle Model of Frederick Thomas Peirce in 1926) and of earthquake dynamics (starting with Robert Burridge and Leon Knopoff's continuum dynamical model in 1967 and later other discrete or lattice train models or fractal overlap models of stick slip earthquakes), no graduate level textbook in condensed matter physics or in statistical physics introduces the basic models and their properties. And now computer scientists and social scientists (coming with their social inequality measures applied to the avalanche statistics in precursor failures) are joining their efforts to explore the new precursory inequality measures for big avalanches or failures. This introductory review is designed to fill this gap with a view to introducing these to this wider audience and to take them to the current frontiers in these fields.
发表机构
- SRM University - AP（SRM大学-安得拉邦）
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics（萨哈核物理研究所）
- Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）
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