AI 中文总结
本文通过NLO成核率计算修正强过冷相变模型，校准涨落行列式后，将修正谱与NANOGrav和IPTA数据对比，发现规范耦合和输入标度分别移动9%至18%，并指出主要理论不确定性来源。
AI 中文摘要
我们量化了强过冷相变的处理方式如何影响纳赫兹引力波信号的粒子物理解释。对于经典共形阿贝尔-希格斯模型，我们在维度约化理论中计算了NLO阶的成核率，并针对显式涨落行列式检验了梯度展开。一个经过校准的修正以平均绝对相对差异$0.8\\%$重现了行列式指数，并使得该信息能够纳入整个参数扫描中。我们将修正后的速率传播至渗流、再加热和引力波产生过程，并将所得谱与NANOGrav 15年数据和IPTA DR2数据进行比较。修正后的NLO计算分别将首选规范耦合移动了$9\\%$和$13\\%$，对于NANOGrav，输入标度移动了$18\\%$。在行列式校准之后，最大的理论不确定性来自引力波谱的不确定性以及$R_\star$与$\beta/H$之间的关系。
英文摘要
We quantify how the treatment of a strongly supercooled phase transition affects the particle-physics interpretation of a nanohertz gravitational-wave signal. For the classically conformal Abelian Higgs model, we calculate the nucleation rate at NLO in the dimensionally reduced theory and test the gradient expansion against explicit fluctuation determinants. A calibrated correction reproduces the determinant exponent with a mean absolute relative difference of $0.8\%$ and allows this information to be included throughout the parameter scan. We propagate the corrected rate through percolation, reheating and gravitational-wave production, and confront the resulting spectra with the NANOGrav 15-year and IPTA DR2 data. The corrected NLO calculation shifts the preferred gauge coupling by $9\%$ and $13\%$, respectively, and the input scale by $18\%$ for NANOGrav. After the determinant calibration, the largest theoretical uncertainties arise from uncertainties in the gravitational-wave spectra and the relation between $R_\star$ and $β/H$.
Comments40 pages
