气候模型因子分离的Shapley值与高效采样
Climate-model factor separation with Shapley values and efficient sampling
- Dutch Institute for Emergent Phenomena(荷兰涌现现象研究所)
- Institute of Physics(物理研究所)
- Institute for Logic, Language and Computation(逻辑、语言与计算研究所)
- University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本文证明气候模型因子分离的线性求和法与共享交互法分别等价于Shapley值的排列表示和Harsanyi红利表示,从而由合作博弈论定理统一二者,并引入高效采样方法至实验设计。
AI中文摘要:
气候模型通常对模型参数或边界条件的变化呈现非线性响应。因子分离问题探讨的是:由此产生的变化中,有多少应归因于改变后的因子及其相互作用。Lunt等人(2010)表明,两种因子归因方法,即线性求和法与共享交互法,在因子数n≤4时结果一致,并猜想该结论对任意n均成立。我们证明,线性求和公式与共享交互公式分别是Shapley值的排列表示和Harsanyi红利表示。因此,它们的相等性可由合作博弈论中的一个经典定理直接推出。据我们所知,这是首次明确将Stein-Alpert和Lunt气候模型因子分离方法与Möbius/Harsanyi系数及Shapley值建立对应关系。该结果将许多成熟且高效的Shapley采样方法引入气候模型实验设计,并推广至向量值响应情形。
英文摘要:
Climate models often feature nonlinear responses to changes in model parameters or boundary conditions. Factor separation asks how much of the resulting change should be assigned to altered factors and their interactions. Lunt et al. (2010) showed that two factor attribution methods, the \emph{linear-sum} and \emph{shared-interaction} methods, coincide for $n\le 4$ factors and conjectured this holds for arbitrary $n$. We show that the linear-sum and shared-interaction formulas are respectively the permutation and Harsanyi-dividend representations of the Shapley value. Their equality therefore follows from a classical theorem in cooperative game theory. To our knowledge, this is the first explicit identification of the Stein--Alpert and Lunt climate-model factor-separation methods with Möbius/Harsanyi coefficients and Shapley values. The result imports many established and efficient Shapley sampling methods into climate-model experimental design, and extends to vector-valued responses.