从开放RAN到开放频谱：面向多业务频谱共存的可编程、智能架构
From Open RAN to Open Spectrum: A Programmable, Intelligent Architecture for Multi-Service Spectrum Coexistence
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出开放频谱架构，将开放RAN原则扩展至异构频谱服务，通过公共资源池、频谱智能控制器和数字孪生实现多业务共存，仿真显示可提升中位SINR达12dB。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
仅从频谱角度考虑共享或共存，无法认识到任何依赖频谱的服务还需要（i）无线电和处理基础设施，以及（ii）协议栈，包括波形和信号处理流水线。诸如公民宽带无线电服务（CBRS）等频谱共存框架的效率因此仅限于在单一维度上优化资源分配。然而，如何解决这一局限性仍然是一个开放的挑战，尤其是考虑到频谱服务（如感知、通信、导航或定位）在需求和运行模式上的多样性。本文介绍了开放频谱（Open Spectrum），一种将软件化、可编程性和开放接口引入异构频谱服务的架构，将开放无线接入网（RAN）的原则扩展到无线网络之外。我们提议将频谱、服务和基础设施组合成一个公共资源池。其资源由频谱智能控制器（SIC）共享和编排，支持即插即用的频谱应用（即频谱应用（sApps）），以及使用数字孪生（DTs）进行数据驱动的射频干扰（RFI）建模。我们描述了开放频谱架构、共享基础设施池，以及面向租户接入和激励、冲突解决以及跨感知、无线电导航、无线电定位和蜂窝系统的服务共享的操作流程。使用波士顿孪生（BostonTwin）城市数字孪生和Sionna射线追踪的系统级仿真表明，在共享基础设施和跨多服务共享方面存在性能驱动的激励，能够增加频谱接入机会，并将中位信干噪比（SINR）提升高达12 dB。
英文摘要
Considering sharing or coexistence from the perspective of spectrum alone fails to recognize that any spectrum-enabled service also requires (i) radio and processing infrastructure and (ii) a protocol stack, including waveforms and signal processing pipelines. The efficiency of spectrum coexistence frameworks such as Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is thus limited to optimizing resource allocation across a single dimension. How to address this limitation, however, remains an open challenge, especially considering the diversity of requirements and operational modes across spectrum services (e.g., sensing, communications, navigation, or positioning). This article introduces Open Spectrum, an architecture that brings softwarization, programmability, and open interfaces to heterogeneous spectrum services, extending the open Radio Access Network (RAN) principles beyond wireless networking. We propose to combine spectrum, services, and infrastructure in a common pool. Its resources are shared and orchestrated by a Spectrum Intelligent Controller (SIC), with plug-and-play spectrum applications, i.e., Spectrum Applications (sApps), and data-driven Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) modeling using Digital Twins (DTs). We describe the Open Spectrum architecture, shared infrastructure pool, and operational workflows for tenant onboarding and incentives, conflict resolution, and service sharing across sensing, radionavigation, radiolocation, and cellular systems. System-level simulations using the BostonTwin urban DT and Sionna ray tracing show that there exist performance-driven incentives in sharing infrastructure and sharing across multiple services, enabling increased access to spectrum and improvement in median Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of up to 12 dB.
