CxSM及更广模型中特定相变模式的精确气泡壁速度
Precise bubble wall velocity in a specific phase transition pattern in the CxSM and beyond
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文以复单态扩展标准模型为例，通过玻尔兹曼方程与流体动力学分析，数值求解特定相变模式下的气泡壁速度，揭示其由有效势驱动力与等离子体摩擦竞争决定，并显著影响重子不对称性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
气泡壁速度是宇宙学一级相变中的一个关键量，对电弱重子产生、引力波信号、暗物质遗迹密度以及相变期间形成的原初黑洞等具有重要意义。然而，在唯象学研究中，它通常被视为自由输入参数，而自洽的确定仍具挑战性。在本工作中，我们以标准模型的复单态扩展为例，研究了一种特定电弱相变模式下的气泡壁动力学与速度，在该模式中，希格斯场和耦合的单态标量均经历摩擦。由粒子与等离子体相互作用产生的微观摩擦通过玻尔兹曼输运方程进行评估，而宏观等离子体响应则通过流体动力学分析来描述。通过应用稳态力平衡条件，我们针对不同模型参数数值确定了气泡壁速度。我们表明，壁速度由有效势驱动力与等离子体摩擦之间的竞争所主导，且其变化能显著影响重子不对称性。我们的研究为这一被忽视的相变模式中的气泡壁动力学及其对早期宇宙现象学的影响提供了定量研究。
英文摘要
The bubble wall velocity is a key quantity in cosmological first-order phase transitions, with important implications for electroweak baryogenesis, gravitational wave signals, the dark matter relic density and primordial black holes formed during the phase transition, and so on. However, it is often treated as a free input in phenomenological studies, while a self-consistent determination remains challenging. In this work, taking the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model as an example, we investigate the bubble wall dynamics and velocity in a specific electroweak phase transition pattern where both the Higgs field and the coupled singlet scalar experience friction. The microscopic friction arising from particle interactions with the plasma is evaluated using Boltzmann transport equations, while the macroscopic plasma response is described through hydrodynamic analysis. By applying the steady state force balance condition, we numerically determine the bubble wall velocity for different model parameters. We show that the wall velocity is governed by the competition between the driving force from the effective potential and plasma friction, and that its variation can significantly affect the baryon asymmetry. Our study provides a quantitative investigation of bubble wall dynamics in this overlooked phase transition pattern and its implications for early Universe phenomenology.
发表机构
- Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus)（中山大学（珠海校区））
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