AI 中文总结
本研究改进了加权计数技术，利用欧几里得旗舰模拟分解视线贡献，首次估计含观测者-透镜和透镜-源项的$\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$，应用于11个时间延迟透镜，中位值从-0.002变为-0.006，为迄今最大标准化分析。
AI 中文摘要
沿同一视线但位于主透镜外部的物质分布，以$\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$量化，是时间延迟宇宙学及其他强透镜应用中不确定性的关键来源，必须独立估计以避免对哈勃常数（$H_0$）推断值产生偏差。我们提出了用于约束$\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$的加权计数技术的改进和标准化，特别是使用欧几里得旗舰模拟，并分解了观测者、透镜和源之间的视线贡献。作为TDCOSMO 2026里程碑分析的一部分，我们将此更新方法应用于该研究中使用的11个时间延迟透镜样本。我们对某些系统的估计对这些方法变化敏感，但除一个先前研究过的系统外，所有系统在$1\sigma$内保持一致，这些系统的中位$\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$在新分析后从$-0.002$变为$-0.006$。这项工作首次估计了包含观测者-透镜和透镜-源贡献的$\kappa_\mathrm{ext}$值，也是迄今为止对时间延迟透镜环境进行的最大规模标准化分析。
英文摘要
The distribution of matter along the same line of sight but external to the main lens, quantified by $κ_\mathrm{ext}$, is a key source of uncertainty in time delay cosmography and other applications of strong lensing, and must be independently estimated to avoid biasing the inferred value of the Hubble constant ($H_0$). We present advancements and standardisations in the weighted number counts techniques used to constrain $κ_\mathrm{ext}$, in particular the use of the Euclid Flagship Simulation and a breakdown of the line-of-sight contributions between the observer, lens and source. As part of the TDCOSMO 2026 milestone analysis, we apply this updated method to the sample of 11 time delay lenses used in that study. Our estimates for certain systems are sensitive to these methodological changes, but are nonetheless consistent within $1σ$ for all but one of the systems which had been studied previously, with the median $κ_\mathrm{ext}$ across those systems changing from $-0.002$ to $-0.006$ following this new analysis. This work represents the first estimate of $κ_\mathrm{ext}$ values which includes the contribution of the observer-lens and lens-source terms, and largest standardised analysis of time delay lens environments to date.
Comments12+1 pages, 9 figures
