量子水管工问题
The Quantum Plumber's Problem
- Newcastle University（纽卡斯尔大学）
- Hiroshima University（广岛大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文提出“量子水管工问题”，研究如何通过干涉仪策略确定阻塞路径，利用Kirkwood-Dirac负性识别量子优势，并通过模拟数据评估策略，扩展至非破坏性探测器场景。
AI中文摘要：
近期工作通过将量子反事实增益的概念与Kirkwood-Dirac准概率分布的负性联系起来，对扩展的Elitzur-Vaidman炸弹测试风格场景进行了量化。我们在此将这项工作扩展到识别一个新场景中的量子优势，我们称之为“量子水管工问题”。在这个场景中，我们设想一个“量子水管工”，他知道干涉仪的一条路径被阻塞，并希望找到确定性地识别哪条路径被阻塞的最佳策略。我们讨论了一般化路径编码干涉仪的各种策略，以及Hofmann三路径干涉仪的具体情况，该干涉仪是在最近对三能级系统五个测量上下文中状态之间关系的分析中引入的。我们通过多次模拟定位阻塞的尝试收集的数据来支持我们关于竞争策略相对优点的论证。我们还给出了该游戏的一个变体的结果，其中阻塞被非破坏性探测器所替代。
英文摘要：
Recent work quantified the notion of quantum counterfactual gain for an extended Elitzur-Vaidman bomb test style scenario, through a connection to the negativity of the Kirkwood-Dirac quasiprobability distribution. We here extend this work to identifying quantum advantage in a new scenario, which we term the ``Quantum Plumber's Problem''. In this scenario, we imagine a ``quantum plumber'', who knows that one path of an interferometer is blocked, and wants to find the optimal strategy for identifying with certainty which path this is. We discuss various strategies for a generalised path-encoded interferometer, as well as for the specific case of Hofmann's three-path interferometer, introduced in a recent analysis of the relationship between states in five measurement contexts of a three level system. We support our arguments on the relative merit of competing strategies with data collected over many simulated attempts at locating blockages. We also present results for a variant of the game in which the blockage is replaced by a non-demolition detector.
