感觉运动层级中的简并性：在冗余性更大的框架内的运动控制
Degeneracy along the sensorimotor hierarchy: motor control within a framework larger than redundancy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文重新定义感觉运动层级中的简并性与冗余性，提出两者共存且比例可测，通过双重计算分离肌肉骨骼贡献，并给出五个可反驳预测，推动运动控制框架扩展。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
运动控制将神经系统可用的多余解决方案描述为冗余性，这一术语指代重复：可互换的元素，对损失具有鲁棒性，但无法进行差异性适应。生物学二十五年来一直有第二个术语。简并性指代不可互换但相对于给定输出仍具有同功能的元素，它支持适应性，因为非相同的元素必然在某些情境中产生分歧。电路神经科学已相应重新标记其自身结果，而运动控制仍保留较旧的词汇。神经力学模型通过将脊髓回路与肌肉骨骼装置置于同一环路中，将这两种传统带到同一类对象上。我们重新阐述Edelman和Tononi对感觉运动系统的区分，并推导出一个操作要求：不是存在多个解决方案，而是这些方案在它们未被选择的情境中产生分歧。三项有影响力的研究各自满足该要求的一部分，但没有一项满足全部。然后我们论证，简并性和冗余性沿感觉运动层级以连续变化的比例共存，且该比例是可测量的：对同一配置计算两次简并性，一次以肌肉激活为输出，一次以产生的运动为输出，可分离出肌肉骨骼装置的贡献。随之产生五个预测，并有一个结果能反驳该提议。我们阐述了在非线性、非平稳、闭环系统中测量所需的适应性，以及一旦解决方案不再被假定为等效，运动控制将发生什么变化：问题从哪个规则选择命令转变为系统库仍然允许什么。
英文摘要
Motor control has described the surplus of solutions available to the nervous system as redundancy, a term that names duplication: interchangeable elements, robust to loss but incapable of differential adaptation. Biology has had a second term for twenty-five years. Degeneracy names elements that are not interchangeable and are nonetheless isofunctional with respect to a given output, and it supports adaptability, since non-identical elements necessarily diverge in some context. Circuit neuroscience has relabeled its own results accordingly, while motor control has kept the older vocabulary. Neuromechanical models, by placing a spinal circuit in the loop with a musculoskeletal apparatus, bring the two traditions onto the same class of objects. We restate the Edelman and Tononi distinction for sensorimotor systems and derive an operational requirement: not the existence of multiple solutions, but their divergence in contexts they were not selected for. Three influential studies each meet part of that requirement and none meets all. We then argue that degeneracy and redundancy coexist along the sensorimotor hierarchy in a proportion that varies continuously, and that this proportion is measurable: computing degeneracy twice for the same configuration, once with muscle activation as the output and once with the movement produced, isolates what the musculoskeletal apparatus contributes. Five predictions follow, with the single outcome that would refute the proposal. We set out the adaptations the measurement requires in a nonlinear, non-stationary, closed-loop system, and what changes for motor control once solutions are no longer assumed equivalent: the question shifts from which rule selects a command to what the repertoire of the system still allows.
发表机构
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine, UMR 5287, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux（阿基坦认知与整合神经科学研究所，CNRS，波尔多大学）
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