科学前景
Scientific Promise
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文介绍科学可追求性的哲学辩论，提出实验可追求性新视角，强调实验美德与不确定性，并指出开放问题。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
科学家们经常面临关于追求哪些研究方向的决策。本要素介绍了关于科学可追求性的哲学辩论。它解释了即使一个理论的支持度不如其竞争对手，追求该理论也可能是理性的，并讨论了指导追求决策的现有哲学框架。本要素还发展了一个新的视角。现有论述主要关注理论，而实验在很大程度上被忽视。这是一个重要的缺陷。理论前景依赖于实验前景，而实验前景本身又提出了问题。借鉴实验认识论，本要素提出了一个关于实验可追求性的论述。本文认为，这种可追求性依赖于实验美德，如清晰的信号和设计的简洁性。此外，还考察了限制科学追求评估的各种不确定性。最后，本要素强调了科学可追求性哲学中的开放问题。
英文摘要
Scientists constantly face decisions about what lines of research to pursue. This Element introduces the philosophical debate about scientific pursuitworthiness. It explains how it can be rational to pursue a theory even if the theory is less well supported than its rivals, and it discusses existing philosophical frameworks for guiding pursuit decisions. The Element also develops a new perspective. Existing accounts focus predominantly on theories, while experiments are largely neglected. This is an important shortcoming. Theoretical promise depends on experimental promise, and experimental promise raises questions of its own. Drawing on the epistemology of experimentation, the Element advances an account of experimental pursuitworthiness. It is argued that such pursuitworthiness depends on experimental virtues like a clear signal and simplicity of design. Moreover, the kinds of uncertainty that constrain the assessment of scientific pursuits are examined. Finally, the Element highlights open questions in the philosophy of scientific pursuitworthiness.
