EDD射电天文后端框架
The EDD Radio Astronomy Backend Framework
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中文总结 AI 辅助
EDD框架以软件定义架构分离核心与插件，支持多种观测模式，已在多台望远镜部署，提升后端复用性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
现代数字射电天文接收机产生越来越宽带宽、高比特率的数据流，这要求开发灵活、可扩展且可维护的后端处理与记录系统。历史上，此类后端仪器与望远镜观测模式紧密耦合，限制了各天文台和科学案例之间的复用。我们提出了埃费尔斯贝格直接数字化（EDD）后端框架，这是一种在商用现成计算基础设施上构建实时射电天文后端的软件定义架构。我们描述了其设计、实现、支持的观测模式及运行部署。EDD将通用核心框架与插件提供的观测能力分离。核心提供编排、望远镜接口、流水线生命周期管理、监控和部署工具，而插件则实现特定观测模式的处理流水线。该框架旨在通过站点特定配置和插件选择支持单天线和干涉仪仪器。EDD目前支持光谱学和偏振光谱学、脉冲星计时和搜索、基带记录、甚长基线干涉测量、相关和波束成形。运行部署包括埃费尔斯贝格100米望远镜、SKA-MPI原型天线、泰国国家射电望远镜和ARGOS干涉原型阵列。通过分离通用服务、观测模式插件和站点特定配置，它允许后端能力部署在异构望远镜环境中，并为宽带射电天文仪器提供社区资源。
英文摘要
Modern digital radio astronomy receivers produce increasingly wide-bandwidth, high bit-rate data streams that necessitate the development of flexible, scalable, and maintainable backend processing and recording systems. Historically, such backend instrumentation has been tightly coupled to telescope observing modes, limiting reuse between observatories and science cases. We present the Effelsberg Direct Digitisation (EDD) backend framework, a software-defined architecture for constructing real-time radio astronomy backends on commodity off-the-shelf computing infrastructure. We describe its design, implementation, supported observing modes, and operational deployments. EDD separates a common core framework from plugin-provided observing capabilities. The core provides orchestration, telescope interfaces, pipeline lifecycle management, monitoring, and deployment tooling, while plugins implement processing pipelines for specific observing modes. The framework is designed to support both single-dish and interferometric instruments through site-specific configuration and plugin selection. EDD currently supports spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry, pulsar timing and searching, baseband recording, very long baseline interferometry, correlation, and beamforming. Operational deployments include the Effelsberg 100-m telescope, the SKA-MPI prototype dish, the Thai National Radio Telescope, and the ARGOS interferometric prototype array. By separating common services, observing-mode plugins, and site-specific configuration, it allows backend capabilities to be deployed across heterogeneous telescope environments and provides a community resource for broadband radio astronomy instrumentation.
发表机构
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
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