基于 $\texttt{mirar}$ 框架的 WINTER 近红外巡天数据处理流水线
A data processing pipeline for the WINTER near-infrared surveyor using the $\texttt{mirar}$ framework
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文介绍基于 mirar 框架的 WINTER 近红外巡天数据处理流水线，实现端到端数据归约与瞬变源探测，并报告了其在天性能及早期科学成果。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们介绍了宽视场红外瞬变探测器（WINTER）巡天的数据处理与瞬变源探测流水线，并报告了其在天观测性能。WINTER 相机采用高性价比的 InGaAs 传感器替代传统红外传感器，安装在帕洛马天文台一台专用的 1 米机器人望远镜上。WINTER 相机拥有六个探测器，组合视场为 1.2 平方度，配备 y、J 和缩短 H 波段。WINTER 于 2023 年 6 月首次开光，此后一直以机器人模式运行。WINTER 数据处理流水线（$\texttt{winterdrp}$）已在更广泛的框架 $\texttt{mirar}$ 内实现：$\texttt{mirar}$ 是一个模块化的开源 $\texttt{python}$ 包，专为时域巡天图像的实时处理而开发。$\texttt{winterdrp}$ 执行端到端的数据处理，实现数据归约和图像相减，将原始抖动 WINTER 图像转换为 $\texttt{avro}$ 格式的瞬变源警报，随后发送至 $\texttt{SkyPortal}$ 进行审查和后续观测。在 2024 年为期一年的观测中，作为巡天的一部分，WINTER 在 960 秒积分时间内，其六个探测器上的 J 波段中位 5-$\sigma$ 深度范围为 $18.1-18.8$ 星等（AB），天体测量精度约为 $0.2$ 角秒（五分之一像素），探测器性能限制的光度精度在其六个探测器上约为 $0.09-0.18$ 星等。我们展示了 WINTER 的早期科学成果，包括识别出 M31 中的恒星并合事件、银河系盘面中尘埃遮蔽的爆发型年轻恒星天体和经典新星、已知超新星的红外后续观测，以及中微子、引力波、快速 X 射线瞬变源和伽马射线暴的多信使后续观测。
英文摘要
We present the data reduction and transient detection pipeline for the Wide-field Infrared Transient Explorer (WINTER) surveyor and report its on-sky performance. The WINTER camera utilizes cost-effective InGaAs sensors as alternatives to traditional IR sensors, and is mounted on a dedicated 1-m robotic telescope at Palomar Observatory. The WINTER camera has six detectors producing a combined field-of-view of 1.2 sq. deg. equipped with y, J, and shortened-H bands. WINTER saw first light in June 2023 and has been operating robotically since. The WINTER data processing pipeline ($\texttt{winterdrp}$) has been implemented within the broader framework $\texttt{mirar}$: a modular, open-source $\texttt{python}$ package developed for realtime processing of images from time-domain surveys. $\texttt{winterdrp}$ performs end-to-end data processing implementing data reduction and image subtraction to go from raw dithered WINTER images to transient alerts in the $\texttt{avro}$ format, which are then sent to $\texttt{SkyPortal}$ for vetting and follow-up. During a year of observations in 2024, WINTER achieved J-band median 5-$σ$ depths ranging from $18.1-18.8$ mag (AB) on its six detectors in 960 second integrations as part of its survey, with an astrometric accuracy of $\approx0.2$ arcsec (a fifth of a pixel) and a detector-performance limited photometric accuracy ranging from $\approx0.09-0.18$ mag for its six detectors. We present early science results from WINTER, which include the identification of a stellar merger in M31, dust-enshrouded outbursting young stellar objects and classical novae in the Galactic plane, NIR followup of known supernovae, and multi-messenger follow-up of neutrinos, gravitational waves, fast X-ray transients and gamma-ray bursts.
发表机构
- Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）
- University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland（马里兰大学联合空间科学研究所）
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）
- Northwestern University（西北大学）
- California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory/NSF NOIRLab（北美洲-南美洲天文台/美国国家科学基金会NOIRLab）
- University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
