爱因斯坦与日食——为何阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于1921年加入波茨坦天文协会
Einstein and the Solar Eclipses - Why Albert Einstein joined the Astronomische Gesellschaft in Potsdam 1921
- Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam（波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
本文回顾了爱因斯坦日食观测验证的历史，从1914年弗罗因德利希的失败远征到1954年厄兰岛观测，并借助新发现的1921年照片确认爱因斯坦加入波茨坦天文协会。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
1911年，爱因斯坦提出，经过太阳附近的光子会因其有效质量而偏转，这会使恒星的位置明显移动多达一角秒，天文学家在日食期间应该能够观测到这一现象。爱因斯坦的想法，包括后来因相对论空间曲率而翻倍的数值，得到了天文学家的热烈回应。本文呈现了这些努力的历史、动机及其与爱因斯坦的互动，始于1914年年轻的欧文·弗罗因德利希因第一次世界大战而失败的远征，止于1954年波茨坦对瑞典厄兰岛的不成功观测活动。一张新发现的1921年天文协会战后首次会议的照片显示，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦作为AG的新成员出现在波茨坦的电报山上。
英文摘要
In 1911 Einstein suggested that photons which pass close to the Sun are deflected by its effective mass which would apparently shift the positions of stars by up to one arcsecond, something that should be observable by astronomers during solar eclipses. Einstein`s ideas including the later doubling of the value due to relativistic space curvature met with enthusiastic responses from astronomers. The history of these efforts, their motivations and interactions with Einstein is presented here, beginning with the expedition that failed due to WWI of the young Erwin Freundlich in 1914 and ending with the unsuccessful Potsdam campaign to Öland (Sweden) in 1954. A newly found conference photograph from the first post-war meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft in 1921 shows Albert Einstein as a new member of the AG on the Telegraphenberg in Potsdam.
