诺特定理对称性生成确定性能量采集协议
Noether Symmetries Generate Deterministic Energy-Harvesting Protocols
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文利用诺特对称性提出确定性能量采集的通用构造方法，通过对称性轨道生成无限多个可行源态，并推广至广义概率理论，建立不对称性界限。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们考虑确定性能量采集（DEH）何时可能的一般原理。DEH 意味着从波动源吸收能量而不吸收熵。我们表明，源-采集器动力学的对称性结构为识别具备 DEH 能力的源态提供了一条超越现有例子的通用途径。任何具有守恒诺特荷的连续对称性都会诱导源侧的轨道态，这些态都实现相同的确定性采集器跃迁，前提是采集器边界态具有对称不变性。因此，一个具备 DEH 能力且具有非零电荷扇区间不对称性的源态可以生成无限多个同时具备 DEH 能力的源态。Jaynes-Cummings 模型、三自旋 XX 链和 SU(2) 模型说明了这一构造。我们进一步将诺特定理推广到广义概率理论，从而推广了我们的主要结果。我们还建立了采集的不对称性界限，表明源不对称性平均不能增加，而 DEH 恰好饱和该界限，精确保持不对称性。
英文摘要
We consider the general principles for when deterministic energy harvesting (DEH) is possible. DEH means absorbing energy from a fluctuating source without entropy being absorbed. We show that the symmetry structure of the source--harvester dynamics gives a general route beyond existing examples to identify DEH capable source states. Any continuous symmetry with a conserved Noether charge induces a source-side orbit of states that all implement the same deterministic harvester transition, provided the harvester boundary states are symmetry invariant. Consequently, one DEH capable source state with nonzero asymmetry between charge sectors can generate infinitely many simultaneously DEH capable source states. A Jaynes-Cummings model, a three-spin XX chain, and an SU(2) model illustrate the construction. We further extend Noether's theorem to generalised probabilistic theories and thereby generalise our main result. We further establish an asymmetry bound for harvesting, showing that source asymmetry cannot increase on average, while DEH saturates the bound exactly preserving asymmetry.
发表机构
- City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院物理研究所）
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