模式避免排列中双重缺陷的分布
The Distribution of Double Deficiencies in Pattern-Avoiding Permutations
- Mahidol University(玛希隆大学)
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI(数学卓越中心,高等教育委员会)
- Mahidol University International College(玛希隆大学国际学院)
- Rutgers University(罗格斯大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本文通过结构分解和格路方法,研究避免长度3模式的排列中双重缺陷的分布,推导生成函数、均值和方差,证明其接近二项分布,并利用对称性简化双模式情形。
AI中文摘要:
我们研究了长度为 n 的避免一个或两个长度为 3 的模式的排列中双重缺陷(DD)数量的分布。利用这些避免类的结构分解——连同 321-避免情形中的格路分解——我们推导出函数方程和卷积型递推关系,从而在所有但一个单模式情形中高效计算相应的双重缺陷生成函数。在 321-避免排列中,所得生成函数是代数的;我们推导出均值和方差的精确公式,并证明该分布在总变差距离上接近于 Bin(n-2,1/4),且具有显式的收敛速率。我们还识别出一个保持 DD 的对称性,它产生 DD-Wilf 等价关系,从而减少了需要单独考虑的双模式情形的数量。对于由此得到的双模式类,我们获得了显式递推关系,包括 C-有限关系。
英文摘要:
We study the distribution of the number of double deficiencies (DD) in permutations of length n avoiding one or two patterns of length 3. Using structural decompositions of these avoidance classes--together with a lattice-path decomposition in the 321-avoiding case--we derive functional equations and convolution-type recurrences that efficiently compute the corresponding double-deficiency generating functions in all but one single-pattern case. In the 321-avoiding permutations, the resulting generating function is algebraic; we derive exact formulas for the mean and variance and prove that the distribution is close in total variation to Bin(n-2,1/4), with an explicit convergence rate. We also identify a DD-preserving symmetry that yields DD-Wilf equivalences, reducing the number of two-pattern cases that need to be considered separately. For the resulting two-pattern classes, we obtain explicit recurrences, including C-finite relations.