极端量测稀疏下低压配电网的电路嵌入馈线状态重构
Circuit-Embedded Feeder-State Reconstruction for Low-Voltage Distribution Networks under Extreme Measurement Sparsity
- Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
- IN+/LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学高等理工学院 IN+/LARSyS）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
针对低压馈线仅首端量测的极端稀疏场景，提出基于增广电路的物理重构框架，利用先验参数化辅助元件求解交流电路平衡，在459节点模型上实现高精度电压重构。
AI中文摘要：
低压（LV）配电馈线日益需要内部状态信息，然而实时遥测通常仅限于馈线首端的有功和无功功率，而下游的需求和发电仅由静态合同元数据描述。本文针对这种极端稀疏场景提出了一种基于物理的增广电路重构框架。馈线首端量测、匹配的元数据以及类别级负荷曲线首先确定母线级负荷和发电先验。这些先验参数化通过阻抗支路耦合到物理馈线的辅助恒功率元件，并通过求解由此产生的非线性交流电路平衡来重构馈线状态。因此，增广网络物理将稀疏信息集映射为满足基尔霍夫定律的物理母线电压、相角和潮流，而加权最小二乘（WLS）通过加权残差拟合来重构状态。该方法在一个真实的459节点葡萄牙低压馈线模型上进行了评估，使用了经过样本内校准的672个十五分钟快照的合成基准。它在每个快照下均收敛，并实现了电压均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和最大绝对误差分别为0.0033、0.0014和0.0337 p.u.。其RMSE低于两个独立指定的静态先验WLS基线。直接先验交流潮流检查产生了高度匹配的电压幅值，证实了增广电路忠实地实现了所构建的先验。
英文摘要：
Low-voltage (LV) distribution feeders increasingly require internal state information, yet real-time telemetry is often limited to feeder-head active and reactive power, while downstream demand and production are described only by static contract metadata. This paper proposes a physics-based augmented-circuit reconstruction framework for this extreme-sparsity regime. Feeder-head measurements, matched metadata, and class-level profiles first determine bus-level load and production priors. These priors parameterize auxiliary constant-power elements coupled to the physical feeder through impedance branches, and the feeder state is reconstructed by solving the resulting nonlinear AC circuit equilibrium. Thus, the augmented-network physics maps the sparse information set into Kirchhoff-consistent physical-bus voltages, angles, and flows, whereas weighted least squares (WLS) reconstructs the state through weighted residual fitting. The method is evaluated on a real 459-bus Portuguese LV feeder model using an in-sample-calibrated synthetic benchmark of 672 fifteen-minute snapshots. It converged for every snapshot and achieved voltage RMSE, MAE, and maximum absolute error of 0.0033, 0.0014, and 0.0337 p.u., respectively. Its RMSE was lower than those of two independently specified static-prior WLS baselines. A direct-prior AC power-flow check produced closely matching voltage magnitudes, confirming that the augmented circuit faithfully realizes the constructed priors.
