有限粒子系统中热力学不可逆性的量子约化

中文摘要 AI 辅助

热力学之所以有用，是因为当微观重构不可行时，它使我们能够从少数可获取的量来预测和控制复杂系统。我们探究在有限量子系统中，这种操作性约化是否比在匹配的经典系统中成本更低。我们比较了少玻色子玻色-哈伯德链与其在相同驱动和相同粗粒化空间记录下的数守恒经典场对应物。量子系统在观测到的粒子分布中弛豫更多，但保留的平均能量解析了该记录所隐藏的更多微观结构，留下更少的不可用信息和更小的熵产生。然后我们将该过程闭合为一个热机循环，其控制仅使用测量的平均能量和空间记录，而非完整的态层析；在匹配的热资源下，更小的熵产生带来更多的功和更高的效率。随着粒子数增长趋向经典场区域，该优势逐渐消失。

英文摘要

Thermodynamics is useful because it lets us predict and control complex systems from a few accessible quantities when microscopic reconstruction is impractical. We ask whether this operational reduction can be less costly in a finite quantum system than in a matched classical one. We compare a few-boson Bose--Hubbard chain with its number-conserving classical-field counterpart under the same driving and the same coarse spatial record. The quantum system relaxes more in the observed particle distribution, yet the retained mean energy resolves more of the microscopic structure hidden by that record, leaving less information unusable and smaller entropy generation. We then close the process into a heat-engine cycle whose controls use only the measured mean energy and spatial record, not full state tomography; at matched thermal resources, the smaller entropy generation gives more work and higher efficiency. The advantage fades as the particle number grows toward the classical-field regime.

发表机构

• University of Gdańsk（格但斯克大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。