发表机构
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR); Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（隆德里纳州立大学; 圣卡洛斯联邦大学; 巴拉那联邦技术大学; 拉丁美洲一体化联邦大学; 圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过约束四个耀变体的UHECR光度，结合CTAO模拟，发现宇宙成因伽马射线贡献次主导，而中微子辐射提供稳健的强子加速特征，展示了多信使观测的潜力。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究了由强子活跃耀变体中产生的超高能宇宙射线（UHECRs）所衍生的宇宙成因伽马射线和中微子，是否能够显著贡献于观测到的光谱能量分布（SED），并考察了切伦科夫望远镜阵列天文台（CTAO）探测和区分这一成分的潜力。针对Rodrigues（2024）建模的四个最近的明亮中微子耀变体，即AP Librae、TXS 1700+685、PKS 2326$-$502和PKS 2345$-$16，我们通过要求总辐射不超过现有的多波长数据来约束UHECR光度，假设在光学薄的大尺度喷流中加速，在现实的银河系和河外星系磁场中传播UHECRs，并预测CTAO的性能。我们发现，宇宙成因伽马射线在最高能量（$10^{20}$ eV）下贡献了总伽马射线辐射的约7.5%，因此在SED中仍处于次主导地位。相比之下，相关的中微子辐射，约在$10^{44}$至$10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$范围内，提供了强子加速的稳健传播特征。我们对50小时CTAO曝光的模拟表明，该天文台能够精确重建内在伽马射线谱，从而对UHECRs的强子起源和传播施加强约束。这些结果展示了将CTAO伽马射线测量与中微子观测相结合以探测耀变体强子过程的威力。
英文摘要
We investigate whether cosmogenic gamma rays and neutrinos from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) produced in hadronically active blazars can significantly contribute to the observed spectral energy distribution (SED), and examine the potential of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to detect and discriminate this component. For four nearest neutrino bright blazars modeled by Rodrigues (2024), specifically AP Librae, TXS 1700+685, PKS 2326$-$502, and PKS 2345$-$16, we constrain the UHECR luminosity by requiring that the total emission does not overshoot available multi-wavelength data, assuming acceleration in the optically thin large scale jet, propagate UHECRs through realistic Galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields, and forecast CTAO performance. We find that cosmogenic gamma rays contribute up to about 7.5% of the total gamma-ray emission at the highest energies ($10^{20}$ eV), and thus remain subdominant in the SED. In contrast, the associated neutrino emission, at approximately $10^{44}$ to $10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$, offers a robust propagation signature of hadronic acceleration. Our simulations of 50 hour CTAO exposures show that the observatory can accurately reconstruct the intrinsic gamma ray spectrum, enabling strong constraints on the hadronic origin and propagation of UHECRs. These results demonstrate the power of combining CTAO gamma-ray measurements with neutrino observations to probe blazar hadronic processes.
Comments17 pages, 5 figures
DOI：10.1016/j.astropartphys.2026.103292
