用于基于PSD方法的傅里叶滤波波前传感器建模：AOPERA工具

中文摘要 AI 辅助

借助自适应光学（AO）补偿大气湍流，现已成为VLT或ELT级望远镜为获得接近衍射极限分辨率而普遍采用的手段。随着AO系统日益普及，为理解和预测其在不同观测条件（如大气湍流演变或AO导引源的多样性）下的性能，对仿真的需求也愈发迫切。所谓的基于PSD的方法因其简单和快速而非常适合这一需求。此外，它们提供了全面的误差预算分解及其对焦面的影响，这在极端自适应光学情形下尤为重要。其缺点在于难以描述非线性波前传感器（WFS），如金字塔WFS或泽尼克WFS。因此，有必要开发快速且准确的方法来描述包含敏感WFS的AO系统的行为。我们由此开发了一种方法，用于在基于PSD的数值工具中计算包含波前传感器非线性行为的AO系统响应（电磁相位功率谱密度和点扩散函数）。描述FF-WFS灵敏度并结合非线性管理的数学形式，通过数值模拟显著提高了AO系统描述的准确性。在给出方法的数学描述后，其数值实现与使用OOPAO工具的端到端仿真进行了比较。端到端仿真能够高保真地再现AO系统的响应，尤其在WFS灵敏度和非线性方面。拟合误差、时间误差和噪声误差结果的相似性验证了我们在管理傅里叶滤波WFS灵敏度和非线性方面的有效性。

英文摘要

Compensation of the atmospheric turbulence thanks to adaptive optics (AO) has now become commonly used for VLT or ELT class telescopes in order to retrieve a resolution close to their diffraction limit. Following the increasing trend of AO system, there is also a stronger necessity for simulations in order to understand and predict their performance facing different observing conditions, that are the evolution of the atmospheric turbulence or the diversity of AO guide source. The so-called PSD based methods are well adapted to the demand thanks to their simplicity and speed. Moreover, they provide a comprehensive breakdown error budget and impact on focal plane, that is of high interest especially in the case of extreme adaptive optics. Their drawback is the challenge to describe non-linear wavefront sensors (WFS) such as the pyramid WFS or the Zernike WFS. There is a necessity to develop fast yet accurate methods to describe the behaviour of AO systems including sensitive WFS. We thus develop a method to compute the AO system response (electromagnetic phase power spectral density, and point spread function) including the non-linear behaviour of the wavefront sensor within PSD-based numerical tools. Mathematical formalism to describe the FF-WFS sensitivity combined to non-linearity management greatly improve the accuracy of description of AO systems through numerical simulations. After a mathematical description of the method, its numerical implementation is compared with end-to-end simulations using the OOPAO tool. Indeed end-to-end simulations are reproducing the response of AO systems with high fidelity, especially regarding WFS sensitivity and non-linearity. Similarity of results for the fitting error, temporal error and noise error proves the validity of our method in managing Fourier filtering WFS sensitivity and non-linearity.

发表机构

• ONERA（法国航空航天研究院）
• Aix Marseille University（艾克斯-马赛大学）
• European Southern Observatory (ESO)（欧洲南方天文台）

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