发表机构
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London; Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院物理与化学科学学院; 多特蒙德工业大学第二物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过半设备无关协议认证半导体自旋噪声的量子随机性，无需微观模型，利用半定规划获得高熵率，较早期方法提升两个数量级。
AI 中文摘要
复杂固态系统是用于可扩展、高带宽量子随机数生成的有前景的平台，然而认证其涨落的量子起源仍然困难，因为潜在的微观动力学难以建模和验证。在此，我们展示了来自半导体自旋噪声的半设备无关量子随机性认证，据我们所知，这是任何自旋噪声源上的首个此类证书，且不依赖于自旋系统的微观模型。不可信的光源受到实验测试的平均光子数界限以及声明的模拟范围和每样本裁剪上限的约束，而可信的接收器被描述为校准的、有噪声的、粗粒化的零差测量。使用具有严格控制的福克空间截断的半定规划，我们认证了对抗持有任意量子侧信息的对手保持私密的随机性。离线分析从单电荷（In,Ga)As量子点集合中认证了$3.2$--$3.4$ Gbit/s的熵率，并从自旋噪声匹配检测模式下的$n$-GaAs中认证了$33$ Mbit/s的熵率。这超过了早期自旋噪声发生器认证熵率两个数量级以上，且该证书容忍来自固态发射器本身的已解析的每符号能量贡献，而非要求近真空输入。
英文摘要
Complex solid-state systems are promising platforms for scalable, high-bandwidth quantum random-number generation, yet certifying the quantum origin of their fluctuations remains difficult because the underlying microscopic dynamics are hard to model and validate. Here we demonstrate semi-device-independent quantum randomness certification from semiconductor spin noise, to our knowledge the first such certificate on any spin-noise source, without relying on a microscopic model of the spin system. The untrusted optical source is constrained by an experimentally tested mean-photon-number bound together with a declared analogue-range and per-sample clipping ceiling, while the trusted receiver is described as a calibrated, noisy, coarse-grained homodyne measurement. Using a semidefinite programme with rigorously controlled Fock-space truncation, we certify randomness that remains private against an adversary holding arbitrary quantum side information. Offline analysis yields certified entropy rates of $3.2$--$3.4$\,Gbit/s from a singly charged (In,Ga)As quantum-dot ensemble and $33$\,Mbit/s from $n$-GaAs in a spin-noise-matched detection mode. This exceeds the certified entropy rate of earlier spin-noise generators by more than two orders of magnitude, and the certificate tolerates a resolved per-symbol energy contribution from the solid-state emitter itself rather than requiring a near-vacuum input.
Comments30 pages, 12 figures
