用于同步计量实现伏特、欧姆和安培的统一量子电学平台
A unified quantum electrical platform for synchronous metrological realization of volt, ohm and ampere
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一个统一量子电学平台，在单个低温恒温器中同步实现电压、电阻和电流的量子计量，通过分层磁屏蔽和低温电流比较仪，以高一致性验证了三个基本电学单位的集成化实现。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
共址集成量子电学标准对于减少高精度计量中对分布式溯源链的依赖至关重要，尤其是在便携式和现场应用中。从计量学角度看，实现电压、电阻和电流中的任意两个量即可，因为第三个量可由欧姆定律导出。约瑟夫森电压与量子霍尔电阻的组合提供了更好的不确定度，但量子霍尔效应需要特斯拉级磁场，而约瑟夫森器件需在近零磁场下工作，两者存在冲突。本文报道了一个紧凑的统一平台，可在约4 K温度下的单个低温恒温器中共同实现量子电压和量子电阻，并通过欧姆定律导出量子电流。通过具有分级衰减和空间约束的分层磁屏蔽，可在270毫米轴向距离内使6 T磁场与低于50 nT的磁场共存，且交叉耦合可忽略不计。在集成运行中，约瑟夫森和量子霍尔子系统与预期量子化值的一致性分别达到相对标准不确定度2.6E-9和1.4E-8。通过改进的低温电流比较仪将它们连接，实现了相对不确定度为6.6E-8的50微安量子电流。这些结果表明，三个基本电学单位可在单一集成平台上以优异的计量一致性同步实现，为从分布式校准链向紧凑集成量子化实现过渡提供了可行途径。
英文摘要
A co-located integration quantum electrical standard is essential to reduce reliance on distributed traceability in high-accuracy metrology, especially for portable and on-site use. Metrologically, realizing any two of voltage, resistance, and current is sufficient, as the third follows from Ohm's law. The combination of Josephson voltage and quantum Hall resistance offers better uncertainty, but conflicts with the tesla-level field for quantum Hall and near-zero field for Josephson operation. Here we report a compact unified platform enabling co-realization of quantum voltage and resistance in a single cryostat near 4 K, with quantum current derived via Ohm's law. A hierarchical magnetic shielding with staged attenuation and spatial confinement allows 6 T and below 50 nT to coexist within 270 mm axial separation with negligible cross-coupling. In integrated operation, the Josephson and quantum Hall subsystems agree with expected quantized values within relative standard uncertainties of 2.6E-9 and 1.4E-8, respectively. Linking them via an improved cryogenic current comparator realizes a 50 μA quantum current with relative uncertainty of 6.6E-8. These results demonstrate that three basic electrical units can be synchronously realized with superior metrological consistency on a single integrated platform, offering a viable transition from distributed calibration chains toward compact-integrated quantum-based realization.
发表机构
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院电工研究所）
- National Institute of Metrology（中国计量科学研究院）
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University（中国计量大学机电工程学院）
- Beijing Orient Institute of Measurement and Test（北京东方计量测试研究所）
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
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