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arXiv 2609.09621math.CO

扩展对称层彩虹拉丁立方体

Extending Symmetric Layer-Rainbow Latin Cubes

  • Illinois State University(伊利诺伊州立大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Amin Bahmanian

AI总结:

本文确定了对称层彩虹拉丁立方体嵌入的充要条件,给出三维Cruse定理类比,并通过公平分离和整数分配证明,构造了八阶具有PSL(2,7)对称性的例子。

AI中文摘要:

一个在$n^2$个符号上的$n\times n\times n$数组,如果每一层恰好包含每个符号一次,则称为层彩虹拉丁立方体。若对于不同的$i,j,\ell$有$L_{ij\ell}=L_{j\ell i}=L_{\ell ij}$,且对于不同的$i,j$有$L_{iij}=L_{jji}$、$L_{iji}=L_{jij}$、$L_{ijj}=L_{jii}$,则称其为对称的。我们精确确定了$m$阶对称层彩虹拉丁立方体何时能嵌入到$n$阶中,给出了Cruse嵌入定理的三维类比。称一个正整数为可容许的,如果它模3同余于$0$或$2$,其中$1$是可容许的,$3$被排除。对于$n>m$,嵌入存在当且仅当$m,n$都是可容许的,$(m,n)\ne(2,5)$,且\\[ \begin{cases} n\geq2m,&n-m\not\equiv1\pmod3,\\\\[1mm] \displaystyle n\geq m+\frac{\sqrt{48m^2+1}-1}{6},&n-m\equiv1\pmod3. \end{cases} \\] 通过非均匀超图的等价一因子分解问题,公平分离将证明归结为精确整数分配。我们还确定了在两个尖锐边界处被迫的结构,并获得了无穷多个相等情形。在八阶时,我们构造了一个对称层彩虹拉丁立方体,它允许$\operatorname{PSL}(2,7)$的自然对角作用,其在$64$个符号上的诱导作用的轨道大小为$1,7,28,28$。

英文摘要:

An $n\times n\times n$ array on $n^2$ symbols is a layer-rainbow Latin cube if every layer contains every symbol exactly once. We call it symmetric if $L_{ij\ell}=L_{j\ell i}=L_{\ell ij}$ for distinct $i,j,\ell$ and $L_{iij}=L_{jji}$, $L_{iji}=L_{jij}$, $L_{ijj}=L_{jii}$ for distinct $i,j$. We determine exactly when a symmetric layer-rainbow Latin cube of order $m$ embeds in one of order $n$, giving a three-dimensional analogue of Cruse's embedding theorem. Call a positive integer admissible if it is congruent to $0$ or $2$ modulo $3$, with $1$ admissible and $3$ excluded. For $n>m$, an embedding exists if and only if $m,n$ are admissible, $(m,n)\ne(2,5)$, and \[ \begin{cases} n\geq2m,&n-m\not\equiv1\pmod3,\\[1mm] \displaystyle n\geq m+\frac{\sqrt{48m^2+1}-1}{6},&n-m\equiv1\pmod3. \end{cases} \] Via the equivalent one-factorization problem for a non-uniform hypergraph, fair detachment reduces the proof to an exact integer allocation. We also determine the structure forced at both sharp boundaries and obtain infinitely many equality cases. At order eight, we construct a symmetric layer-rainbow Latin cube admitting the natural diagonal action of $\operatorname{PSL}(2,7)$, whose induced action on the $64$ symbols has orbit sizes $1,7,28,28$.

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