发表机构
University of Vienna; Austrian Academy of Science; Imperial College London（维也纳大学; 奥地利科学院; 帝国理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用爱尔兰传统曲调流行度数据，通过生态出生过程模型发现曲调存在内在适应性差异，并揭示选择与多样性可共存，确立了定量研究文化演化的系统。
AI 中文摘要
文化曲目如何在选择压力下维持多样性是文化演化中的一个基本问题。我们利用约20,000首爱尔兰传统曲调长达十三年的每周流行度数据来探讨这一问题，并在中性、频率依赖和每曲调选择假设下拟合生态出生过程模型。我们发现强有力的证据表明，曲调在内在适应性上存在差异——有些曲调系统性地比其他曲调更可能被学习。我们发现，适应性差异中29%的方差可由社会特征和旋律特征的混合来解释。由于按组演奏曲调的传统，一些曲调似乎通过连锁效应被携带，类似于遗传学中的选择性清除。通过测量适应性随时间的变化并将其与录音进行比较，我们精确识别了一种长期休眠的曲调通过热门录音而变得适应的机制。尽管存在定向选择，曲目多样性仍在增加，这得益于新作曲的持续涌现。这些结果表明，选择与多样性可以在文化生态系统中共存，并将爱尔兰传统音乐确立为一个可定量研究的系统，用于研究文化变异的演化以及理解什么使曲调脱颖而出。
英文摘要
How cultural repertoires maintain diversity under selection is a fundamental question in cultural evolution. We address this using thirteen years of weekly popularity data for approximately 20,000 Irish traditional tunes, fitting ecological birth-process models under neutral, frequency-dependent, and per-tune selection hypotheses. We find strong evidence that tunes differ in intrinsic fitness - some are systematically more likely to be learned than others. We find that 29% of the variance in fitness can be explained by a mixture of social and melodic features. Some tunes appear to be carried along via linkage due to the tradition of playing tunes in sets, analogous to selective sweeps in genetics. By measuring changes in fitness over time and comparing this with recordings we precisely identify the mechanism by which a long-dormant tune can become fit through a popular recording. Despite the directional selection, repertoire diversity increases, driven by the continual arrival of new compositions. These results demonstrate that selection and diversity can coexist in a cultural ecosystem, and establish Irish traditional music as a quantitatively tractable system for studying the evolution of cultural variants and understanding what makes a tune stand out.
