人类在哪里终结？生成式AI在中国数字绘画五年中的创作能动性

中文摘要 AI 辅助

随着生成式AI进入创作工作，从业者必须决定AI辅助在哪里结束，人类作者身份在哪里开始。人机交互（HAI）研究已将AI视为工具、协作者、顾问和竞争者。长期问题是，随着系统变得更有能力、更公开、更经济地嵌入，这些角色如何被修订。我们报告了一项为期五年的访谈研究，对象为17位中国数字画家，基于2021年至2025年的年度半结构化访谈。参与者描述了重复但非统一的模式：保护性抵抗、务实任务委派，以及部分人的反思性能动性重新划分。早期抵抗保护了观察、原创性、签名和所有权免受AI影响。后来的委派将AI置于受限任务中，如参考、背景、粗略草图和对客户草稿。到2025年，一些参与者围绕仅人类区域构建了混合工作流程，而另一些则描述了疲劳、不稳定或难以定位剩余人类角色。同伴规范、情感氛围和生产压力塑造了哪些委派感觉有用、可接受或令人疲惫。版权、作者身份和创作劳动仍然是参与者愿意委派内容的反复限制。我们将这些叙述框架为纵向能动性划分，即决定哪些阶段、责任、价值观和主张在创作人机交互中保持人类性的情境化工作。我们讨论了可修订的能动性边界控制、来源脚手架和面向社区的作者身份规范的设计启示。

英文摘要

As generative AI enters creative work, practitioners must decide where AI assistance ends and human authorship begins. Human-agent interaction (HAI) research has examined AI as a tool, collaborator, consultant, and competitor. The longitudinal problem is how these roles are revised as systems become more capable, public, and economically embedded. We report a five-year interview study with 17 Chinese digital painters, based on annual semi-structured interviews from 2021 to 2025. Participants described recurring but non-uniform patterns of protective resistance, pragmatic task delegation, and, for some, reflective agency repartitioning. Early resistance protected observation, originality, signature, and ownership from AI. Later delegation placed AI in bounded tasks such as references, backgrounds, rough sketches, and client-facing drafts. By 2025, some participants built hybrid workflows around human-only zones, while others described fatigue, precarity, or difficulty locating a remaining human role. Peer norms, emotional climates, and production pressures shaped which delegations felt useful, acceptable, or exhausting. Copyright, authorship, and creative labor remained recurring limits on what participants were willing to delegate. We frame these accounts as longitudinal agency partitioning, the situated work of deciding which stages, responsibilities, values, and claims remain human in creative human-agent interaction. We discuss design implications for revisable agency-boundary controls, provenance scaffolds, and community-facing authorship norms.

发表机构

• Cornell University（康奈尔大学）
• University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
• University of California San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）
• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。