发表机构
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester; Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱斯特大学物理与天文学学院; 阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内科克天文研究所; 莱顿大学莱顿天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文论证小点作为超大质量ULX类比物，其硬X射线电离锥几何支持侧向观测视角，与SS433相似，而软X射线发射各向同性驱动环状体。
AI 中文摘要
我考虑了在高红移（$z\sim 7$）星系中观测到的“小点”（LDs）的最新观测结果。我提出，这些天体中的中心黑洞可能以极度过爱丁顿（因子约为50）的速率吸积物质。从物理角度而言，这一观点使它们成为（恒星质量）超亮X射线源（ULXs）的超大质量类比物，后者硬X射线发射具有强各向异性（“成束”）。在本文中，我认为最近从一个小点中探测到的延展静止系硬X射线电离锥为这一观点提供了强有力的定量支持，因为其几何形状正是人们预期从ULX类天体（并非沿其X射线束之一观测，而是“从侧面”观测）所看到的，这与极端银河系系统SS433非常相似。这反过来又在定量上符合最近的提议，即小点类似于SS433类系统的超大质量版本。我强调，相比之下，小点的静止系软X射线发射必须大致各向同性，并且可能为这些星系中观测到的环状体发射提供能量。
英文摘要
I consider recent observations of the Little Dots (LDs) observed in high--redshift ($z\sim 7$) galaxies. I have suggested that the central black holes in these objects are probably fed mass at very super--Eddington (factors $\sim 50$) rates. In physical terms, this idea makes them supermassive analogues of the (stellar--mass) ultraluminous X--ray sources (ULXs), whose hard X--ray emission is strongly anisotropic (`beamed'). In this paper I argue that the recent discovery of extended rest--frame hard X--ray ionization cones from an LD gives strong quantitative support to this view, as its geometry is what one would expect from a ULX--like object viewed not along one of its X--ray beams, but instead `from the side', very similar to the extreme Galactic system SS433. This in turn agrees in quantitative terms with recent suggestions that LDs resemble supermassive versions of SS433--like systems. I emphasize that in contrast, the rest--frame {\it soft} X--ray emission from LDs must be roughly {\it isotropic}, and presumably power the torus emission observed from these galaxies.
CommentsMNRAS, accepted
