AI 中文总结
本研究通过SPURS光谱发现小红点气体呈现镁耗尽、铝增丰且金属丰度仅为太阳1%的模式，证明其源于质量至少1万倍太阳的超大质量恒星的热氢燃烧，为球状星团丰度异常及大质量黑洞种子形成提供了线索。
AI 中文摘要
星系中元素的相对丰度是它们形成时物理条件和过程的化石记录。大爆炸只产生了最轻的元素，随后的恒星核合成在周围气体上印下了特征性的丰度模式，这一模式最初由恒星内部达到的温度决定，随后又受到已处理物质混合和释放方式的影响。球状星团——密集而古老的恒星群——提供了一个引人注目的独特例子。其中一些包含镁耗尽和铝增丰的恒星，表明它们是由暴露于异常高温氢燃烧的气体形成的。造成这一现象的恒星仍然未知。小红点可能提供了这一缺失的引擎。这些致密、明亮的物体形成于与球状星团形成相关的宇宙纪元，并被致密气体所包裹，其化学成分可以用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜测量。在这里，利用SPURS计划的深度光谱，我们展示了这种丰度模式表征了LRD中央引擎：镁耗尽和铝增丰的气体，其金属丰度仅为太阳的1%。这种模式不是由这些红移处的普通大质量恒星产生的，也不能用电离、气体几何或尘埃来模仿。相反，它是由完全对流的超大质量恒星中的热氢燃烧所再现的，测得的丰度意味着质量至少为10,000个太阳质量——大约是当今宇宙中观测到的任何恒星的100倍。因此，小红点可能揭示了超大质量恒星在其短暂生命中或在其直接坍缩后的立即余波，同时确定了球状星团丰度异常长期寻求的来源以及大质量黑洞种子的一种形成途径。
英文摘要
The relative abundances of elements in galaxies serve as fossil records of the physical conditions and processes by which they were forged. While the Big Bang produced only the lightest elements, subsequent stellar nucleosynthesis imprinted characteristic abundance patterns onto the surrounding gas, set initially by the temperatures reached inside stars and subsequently shaped by how the processed material was mixed and released. Globular clusters - dense, ancient groups of stars - provide a striking unique example. Some contain stars depleted in magnesium and enriched in aluminum, showing that they formed from gas exposed to exceptionally hot hydrogen burning. The stars responsible remain unknown. Little Red Dots may provide this missing engine. These compact, luminous objects formed at cosmic epochs similar to those associated with globular-cluster formation and are enshrouded by dense gas whose chemical composition can be measured with the James Webb Space Telescope. Here, using deep spectroscopy from the SPURS program, we show that this abundance pattern characterizes the LRD central engine: magnesium-depleted and aluminum-enhanced gas with a metallicity only 1% that of the Sun. This pattern is not produced by ordinary massive stars at these redshifts and cannot be mimicked by ionization, gas geometry or dust. Instead, it is reproduced by hot hydrogen burning in fully convective supermassive stars, with the measured abundances implying masses of at least 10,000 solar masses - approximately 100 times larger than any star observed in the present-day Universe. Little Red Dots may therefore reveal supermassive stars during their brief lives or in the immediate aftermath of their direct collapse, simultaneously identifying the long-sought source of globular cluster abundance anomalies and a formation pathway for massive black hole seeds.
CommentsSubmitted. 19 pages. 14 figures. 2 tables
