重子化 IV:利用X射线气体分数约束重子反馈
Baryonification IV: Constraining baryonic feedback with X-ray gas fractions
- ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院)
- The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学)
- University of Zurich(苏黎世大学)
- Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学)
- University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学)
- Universität Bonn(波恩大学)
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität(慕尼黑大学)
- CNES(法国国家空间研究中心)
- IRAP(天体物理学研究所在)
- Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
本研究基于重子化模型构建前向建模框架,结合X射线观测约束重子反馈,测量气体分数并推导物质功率谱抑制,为未来巡天提供基础。
AI中文摘要:
重子反馈在暗物质晕周围重新分布气体,抑制了弱引力透镜巡天现在所探测尺度上的物质功率谱。X射线观测直接追踪这种热气体,是探测其分布和性质的主要手段之一。我们提出了一个基于重子化模型的前向建模框架,将星系群和星系团的三维气体密度和温度分布与观测到的X射线表面亮度和光度分布联系起来,同时与物质功率谱抑制相关联。我们针对文献中独立的三维密度重建结果验证了该模型,并检验了我们在星系群尺度上的温度和金属丰度处理。将该框架应用于SZ选择的CHEX-MATE样本和X射线选择的eFEDs样本,我们在考虑X射线选择效应的同时,测量了从星系群到星系团质量范围内的气体分数,这是基于CHEX-MATE数据首次发表的气体分数结果。结合两个样本,我们推导出星系群和星系团保留的热气体分数随质量变化的联合约束,以及对物质功率谱的重子抑制。我们发现$f_{\rm gas} = 0.029 \pm 0.006$(在$M_{500c} = 3\times 10^{13}M_\odot$),$f_{\rm gas} = 0.078 \pm 0.004$(在$M_{500c} = 3\times 10^{14}M_\odot$),在$k=1\\,h/\rm Mpc$处抑制6%,在$k=5\\,h/\rm Mpc$处抑制23%。我们的发现与最近的运动学Sunyaev-Zel'dovich结果一致,暗示存在强反馈。我们还表明,$L_X$-$M$关系与反馈强度简并,不同的反馈情景产生不同的X射线轮廓形状,这些形状映射到相同的$L_X$-$M$点。这项工作是将该框架扩展到地图层面前向建模弥散X射线发射以用于即将开展的大面积X射线巡天(如eROSITA)中基于模拟推断的第一步。
英文摘要:
Baryonic feedback redistributes gas around dark matter halos, suppressing the matter power spectrum at scales now probed by weak lensing surveys. X-ray observations directly trace this hot gas, and are one of the main probes of its distribution and properties. We present a forward-modelling framework, built on the baryonification model, linking the three-dimensional gas density and temperature profiles of groups and clusters to observed X-ray surface brightness and luminosity profiles on one side, and to matter power spectrum suppression on the other. We validate the model against independent three-dimensional density reconstructions from the literature, and examine our temperature and metallicity treatment in the group-scale regime. Applying this framework to the SZ-selected CHEX-MATE and X-ray-selected eFEDs samples, we measure gas fractions across the group-to-cluster mass range while accounting for X-ray selection effects, with the first published gas fractions based on CHEX-MATE data. Combining both samples, we derive a joint constraint on the hot gas fraction retained by groups and clusters as a function of mass and on the baryonic suppression of the matter power spectrum. We find $f_{\rm gas} = 0.029 \pm 0.006$ at $M_{500c} = 3\times 10^{13}M_\odot$, $f_{\rm gas} = 0.078 \pm 0.004$ at $M_{500c} = 3\times 10^{14}M_\odot$, and suppression of 6% at $k=1\,h/\rm Mpc$ and 23% at $k=5\,h/\rm Mpc$. Our findings are consistent with recent kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich results, hinting at strong feedback. We also show that the $L_X$-$M$ relation is degenerate with feedback strength, and that different feedback scenarios produce distinct X-ray profile shapes that map onto the same $L_X$-$M$ point. This work is a first step toward extending the framework to forward-model diffuse X-ray emission at the map level for simulation-based inference in upcoming wide-area X-ray surveys such as eROSITA.