发表机构
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学机械工程系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究设计水动力迷宫，发现鱼类通过偏航身体产生升力进行侧向迁移，以节能方式逃离不利流动区域，揭示了鱼类感知和利用复杂水流的机制。
AI 中文摘要
在水生环境中，流速和湍流的梯度定义了一个不断变化的景观，这为鱼类的推进和能量消耗设定了物理约束。成功穿越这些复杂流场取决于以节能方式感知和响应微妙水动力线索的能力。揭示这些机制对于理解鱼类如何识别和利用有利的流动条件至关重要。为此，我们设计了一个具有空间变化平均流和湍流的水动力迷宫，创造了一个受控的异质流动景观，以理解鱼类的运动策略。我们发现，鱼类通过相对于流动偏航其身体来逃离能量不利的区域。这些偏航方向似乎通过升力促进侧向迁移，并可能提高对局部流动变化的敏感性。值得注意的是，鱼类保持身体方向接近但低于预测的失速条件，以利用升力而不显著增加阻力。这些发现提供了对鱼类如何穿越异质水动力环境的见解，对自然和工程流动系统都具有潜在的相关性。
英文摘要
In aquatic environments, gradients in flow velocity and turbulence define a constantly shifting landscape that sets the physical constraints on propulsion and energy expenditure in fish. Successfully navigating these complex flows depends on the ability to sense and respond to subtle hydrodynamic cues in an energy-efficient manner. Revealing these mechanisms is central to understanding how fish identify and exploit favorable flow conditions. To this end, we designed a hydrodynamic maze with spatially varying mean flow and turbulence, creating a controlled heterogeneous flow landscape for understanding fish movement strategies. We found that fish escape energetically unfavorable regions by yawing their bodies relative to the flow. These yawed orientations appear to facilitate lateral migration through lift forces and may improve sensitivity to local flow variations. Notably, fish maintain body orientations near, but below, predicted stall conditions to exploit lift without a significant increase in drag. These findings provide insight into how fish navigate heterogeneous hydrodynamic environments, with potential relevance for both natural and engineered flow systems.
Journal refProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 123 (36) e2613565123
