发表机构
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA; ESAC/ESA; European Space Agency/ESTEC; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University; Universiteit Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini; Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（西班牙天体生物学中心; 欧洲空间应用中心/欧洲空间局; 欧洲空间局/欧洲空间研究与技术中心; 莱顿天文台，莱顿大学; 根特大学物理与天文系; “G.奥卡利尼”物理学系; 米兰比可卡大学; 意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台; 多伦多大学邓普天文学与天体物理学研究所; 意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
利用Euclid Q1视觉形态目录，研究0.2≤z≤0.5星系团中星系的形态-密度和形态-半径关系，发现环境在星系团核心驱动形态转变，外围效应减弱。
AI 中文摘要
星系团为研究环境对星系演化的影响提供了独特的实验室。形态-密度（$T$--$\Sigma$）关系和形态-星系团中心距（$T$--$R$）关系追踪了星系形态如何受环境影响，但此前在中等红移处的研究在样本量和径向覆盖范围上均有限。我们利用Euclid快速数据发布1（Q1）视觉形态目录，测量了在$0.2\leq z\leq 0.5$的已知星系团中光滑、有特征或盘状以及棒状星系的$T$--$\Sigma$和$T$--$R$关系，将分析扩展到大的星系团中心距（$3 R_{500c}$），并研究了它们对恒星质量的依赖性。利用Euclid提供的光度红移和恒星质量，我们在$1.5 R_{500c}$内识别出分布在71个星系团中的1754个星系团成员。我们使用Q1视觉形态目录中Zoobot深度学习基础模型提供的预测投票分数，将识别出的星系分类为光滑、有特征或盘状或棒状。我们在所有研究的恒星质量范围内确认了$T$--$\Sigma$关系，星系团环境对星系形态的影响在星系团最密集部分和更靠近星系团中心处更强。在$1.5 R_{500c}$之外，形态分离减弱，在最低密度处有特征或盘状星系超过光滑星系，这与星系团外围场星闯入者贡献增加一致。对于棒状星系，我们发现棒分数向低密度方向呈初步下降趋势，这一趋势在最巨大星系中最为显著。总之，我们的结果表明，星系团环境驱动了星系形态的渐进转变，盘结构的丢失在星系团核心处更为明显，那里环境过程作用最为有效。
英文摘要
Galaxy clusters provide unique laboratories for studying environmental effects on galaxy evolution. The morphology--density ($T$--$Σ$) and morphology--cluster-centric radius ($T$--$R$) relations trace how galaxy morphology is influenced by the environment, but previous studies at intermediate redshifts have been limited in both sample size and radial coverage. We use the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) visual morphology catalogue to measure the $T$--$Σ$ and $T$--$R$ relations for smooth, featured-or-disc, and barred galaxies in known clusters at $0.2\leq z\leq 0.5$, extending this analysis to large cluster-centric distances ($3 R_{500c}$) and studying their dependence on stellar mass. Using photometric redshifts and stellar masses provided by Euclid, we identify 1754 cluster members within $1.5 R_{500c}$, distributed across 71 clusters. We classify the identified galaxies as smooth, featured-or-disc, or barred using the predicted vote fractions provided by the Zoobot deep learning foundation model in the Q1 visual morphology catalogue. We confirm the $T$--$Σ$ relation in all the stellar mass ranges studied, with a stronger influence of the cluster environment on galaxy morphology in the densest parts of the cluster and closer to the cluster centre. Beyond $1.5 R_{500c}$, the morphological segregation weakens, with featured-or-disc galaxies overtaking smooth galaxies at the lowest densities, consistent with the growing contribution of field interlopers in the cluster outskirts. For barred galaxies, we find a tentative decline of the bar fraction toward lower densities that is most pronounced for the most massive galaxies. In conclusion, our results show that the cluster environment drives a progressive transformation of galaxy morphology, with the loss of disc structure becoming more pronounced towards the cluster core, where environmental processes act most efficiently.
Comments18 pages, 18 figures, 1 table. Submitted to A&A
