发表机构
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学电气与计算机工程系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对潮流与电磁暂态模型不一致威胁电网安全的问题，提出SALT框架，利用全物理EMT模型实现高保真稳态分析，达到EMT精度并加速百万倍，且能捕获所有安全威胁。
AI 中文摘要
电网工具按时间尺度分离：稳态分析由潮流（PF）执行，而最快的动态过程由电磁暂态（EMT）仿真捕获。尽管在不同时间尺度下运行，不同工具在分析相同电网条件时应产生一致的结果。然而，PF稳态解与时间趋于无穷时的EMT响应不匹配。这种不匹配源于PF中简化的设备模型与基于第一性原理推导的“真实”EMT模型不一致。随着基于逆变器的资源（IBRs）和数据中心削弱惯性与运行备用，PF中使用的近似因遗漏违规而危及电网安全。为解决此问题，我们引入了一个使用全物理EMT模型进行高保真稳态电网分析的稳态框架。挑战在于系统性地构造动态电力设备的代数频域表示，而这些设备自然以状态空间形式描述。我们的工具SALT（最后一次暂态后的稳态）构造的稳态表示在嵌入输电网络时能精确捕获电网设备物理特性。该方法利用了电力设备模型的结构特性以及输电系统的单谐波、平衡特性。结果表明，SALT实现了EMT稳态精度，同时提供了1x10^6倍的加速。我们证明SALT能无一例外地捕获预想事故场景中的安全威胁——而基于PF的分析报告的额定线路违规少75%，无功限制违规少18%，电压违规少7%。
英文摘要
Grid tools are separated by timescales: steady-state analysis is performed by power flow (PF), whereas the fastest dynamics are captured by electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation. Although operating at varying timescales, different tools should produce consistent results when analyzing the same grid conditions. However, the PF steady-state solution does not match the time-to-infinity EMT response. This mismatch exists because simplified device models in PF are inconsistent with the "ground truth" EMT models derived from first principles. As inverter-based resources (IBRs) and data centers strip away inertia and operating reserves, approximations used in PF risk grid security by missing violations. To address this, we introduce a steady-state framework that uses full-physics EMT models for high-fidelity steady-state grid analysis. The challenge lies in systematically formulating algebraic frequency-domain representations of dynamic power devices that are naturally described in state-space form. Our tool, SALT (Steady-state After Last Transients), constructs steady-state representations that exactly capture grid device physics when embedded into transmission networks. The approach exploits the structural properties of power device models and the single-harmonic, balanced nature of the transmission system. Results demonstrate SALT achieves EMT steady-state accuracy while delivering a 1x10^6 times speedup. We demonstrate that SALT can capture security threats in contingency scenarios without exception --- whereas PF-based analyses reported 75% fewer rated line violations, 18% fewer Q-limit violations, and 7% fewer voltage violations.
