用于JUNA高流强束流的无窗气体靶系统的设计与调试
Design and commissioning of a windowless gas-target system for high-current beams at JUNA
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中文总结 AI 辅助
为JUNA设计了无窗气体靶系统，采用三级差分抽气与闭环回收，实现毫安束流下稳定运行，并通过调试验证其性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
无窗气体靶避免了入射窗引入的束流能量损失和能量歧离，因此非常适合低能核反应的直接测量。为锦屏地下核天体物理设施（JUNA）开发了一套设计用于毫安级束流运行的无窗气体靶系统。该系统结合了三级差分抽气、闭环气体回收与纯化、恒温功率补偿量热计，以及基于次级弹性散射的位置分辨靶厚度监测器。在1-3毫巴的靶压范围内实现了稳定运行，在8小时连续循环期间压力波动低于1%，而加速器侧压力维持在约10^{-4}帕。闭环气体循环系统维持了稳定的靶条件，而气体输运计算表明，在代表性运行条件下，轴向压力不均匀性保持在约1.6%以内。量热计测量与热计算一致，支持了用于束流功率测定的灵敏度校正。在中国原子能科学研究院（CIAE）的600千伏科克罗夫特-沃尔顿加速器上，利用^{14}N(p,γ)^{15}O和^{12}C(p,γ)^{13}N进行的束流调试展示了气体靶和γ射线探测系统的稳定运行，并提供了反应位置和束流加热影响的信息。这些结果证明了该系统在未来JUNA高流强低能核反应测量中的运行稳定性和诊断能力。
英文摘要
Windowless gas targets avoid the beam-energy loss and straggling introduced by entrance foils and are therefore well suited for direct measurements of low-energy nuclear reactions. A windowless gas-target system designed for operation with milliampere beams has been developed for the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics facility (JUNA). The system combines three-stage differential pumping, closed-loop gas recovery and purification, a constant-temperature power-compensation calorimeter, and a position-resolved target-thickness monitor based on secondary elastic scattering. Stable operation was achieved over a target-pressure range of 1-3 mbar, with pressure fluctuations below 1% during 8 h of continuous circulation, while the accelerator-side pressure was maintained at approximately \(10^{-4}\) Pa. The closed-loop gas-circulation system maintained stable target conditions, while gas-transport calculations indicated that the axial pressure nonuniformity remained within approximately 1.6% under representative operating conditions. Calorimeter measurements were consistent with the thermal calculations, supporting the sensitivity correction used for beam-power determination. Beam commissioning with \(^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,γ)^{15}\mathrm{O}\) and \(^{12}\mathrm{C}(p,γ)^{13}\mathrm{N}\) at the 600 kV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator of the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) demonstrated stable operation of the gas-target and \(γ\)-ray detection systems and provided information on the influences of reaction position and beam heating. These results demonstrate the operating stability and diagnostic capability of the system for future high-current, low-energy nuclear-reaction measurements at JUNA.
发表机构
- Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）
- China Institute of Atomic Energy（中国原子能科学研究院）
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province（四川省锦屏深地前沿科学与暗物质重点实验室）
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
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