发表机构
Shanghai Satellite Network Research Institute Co., LTD.; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Network; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Satellite Network; China Satellite Network Innovation Co., LTD.（上海卫星网络研究院有限公司; 卫星网络国家重点实验室; 上海市卫星网络重点实验室; 中国卫星网络创新有限公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对LEO卫星机动观测数据稀缺问题，提出MAD-LEO数据集，包含任务报告和运行两个子集，通过多源证据验证，确保机动标签的可靠性与一致性。
AI 中文摘要
随着航天技术的快速发展和低地球轨道（LEO）星座的大规模部署，轨道碰撞风险日益增加，对卫星机动的可靠观测需求不断增长。然而，包含真实机动记录的公开发布数据集仍然稀缺。我们提出了MAD-LEO，一个面向LEO卫星的机动标注轨道数据集。任务报告子集包含来自11颗测地和测高卫星的1,134个机动事件，时间跨度从1992年到2026年，标签直接取自任务发布的机动历史。每个事件都与双行元素（TLE）数据、精密轨道产品和卫星激光测距（SLR）观测进行核对，并根据数据可用性分配证据层级。运行子集将6,785颗Starlink卫星的运营商发布星历与连续107小时期间的编目TLE记录配对。跨七个机器可读实验套件的技术验证确认了标签和证据产品的跨源一致性。
英文摘要
With the rapid development of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, the risk of orbital collisions has increased, creating a growing demand for reliable observations of satellite maneuvers. However, public datasets containing real maneuver records remain scarce. We present MAD-LEO, a Maneuver-Annotated orbital Dataset for LEO satellites. The mission-reported subset contains 1,134 maneuver events from eleven geodetic and altimetry satellites spanning 1992 to 2026, with labels taken directly from mission-published maneuver histories. Each event is checked against two-line element (TLE) data, precise orbit products, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations, with evidence tiers assigned according to data availability. The operational subset pairs operator-published ephemerides for 6,785 Starlink satellites with cataloged TLE records over a continuous 107-hour period. Technical validation across seven machine-readable experiment suites confirms the cross-source consistency of the labels and the evidence products.
