发表机构
Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg; Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata（卢森堡大学安全、可靠性与信任跨学科中心; 罗马托尔维加塔大学电子工程系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出可移动单元STAR-RIS（ME-STAR-RIS），通过单元可移动实现可编程几何，结合电磁重构提升频谱效率，并探讨其原理、应用与部署挑战。
AI 中文摘要
可重构智能表面（RISs）使无线传播环境变得可编程，而同时透射和反射的RISs（STAR-RISs）将此能力扩展到位于表面两侧的用户。然而，传统STAR-RIS架构在部署后保持固定的物理几何形状。可移动单元STAR-RIS（ME-STAR-RIS）通过允许表面单元在指定区域内重新定位，同时保持对其透射和反射响应的电子控制，引入了额外的空间自由度。这种电磁与几何重构的组合可以改变传播距离、多径组合、空间相关性、干扰、近场聚焦和感知几何。本文通过可编程几何的概念，从系统层面审视ME-STAR-RIS。我们讨论了其工作原理、移动架构，以及在通信、安全、近场系统、感知和高移动性网络中的有前景应用。一个比较优化固定与可移动STAR-RIS架构的代表性案例研究，展示了有限局部位移带来的可量化频谱效率增益及由此产生的饱和行为。最后，讨论了面向实际ME-STAR-RIS部署的关键硬件、信道获取、电磁、能量、可靠性和控制挑战。
英文摘要
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) make the wireless propagation environment programmable, while simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RISs (STAR-RISs) extend this capability to users located on both sides of a surface. However, conventional STAR-RIS architectures retain a fixed physical geometry after deployment. Movable-element STAR-RIS (ME-STAR-RIS) introduces an additional spatial degree of freedom by allowing the surface elements to reposition within prescribed regions while maintaining electronic control of their transmission and reflection responses. This combination of electromagnetic and geometric reconfiguration can alter propagation distances, multipath combinations, spatial correlation, interference, near-field focusing, and sensing geometry. This article presents a system-level perspective on ME-STAR-RIS through the concept of programmable geometry. We discuss its operating principles, movement architectures, and promising applications in communications, security, near-field systems, sensing, and high-mobility networks. A representative case study comparing optimized fixed and movable STAR-RIS architectures illustrates measurable spectral-efficiency gains from limited local displacement and the resulting saturation behavior. Finally, key hardware, channel-acquisition, electromagnetic, energy, reliability, and control challenges are discussed toward practical ME-STAR-RIS deployment.
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