用于增强冲击吸收的剪纸超材料片
Kirigami Meta-Sheet for Enhanced Impact Absorption
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中文总结 AI 辅助
提出一种平面剪纸超材料片，通过正负刚度转变而非压溃吸收冲击，低铰链比设计经实验验证可减少回弹和冲击力，并有效保护下落鸡蛋。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
基于力学超材料的冲击吸收器通常采用笨重的垂直堆叠架构，限制了其大面积部署和可扩展制造。在此，我们提出一种剪纸超材料片作为平面吸收器，它利用正负刚度状态之间的转变而非牺牲性压溃来吸收冲击。通过简单质量-弹簧-阻尼器模型的分析指导，我们通过连接单元胞的铰链比来编程剪纸超材料片的刚度。准静态压痕实验证实，具有低铰链比的超材料片最清晰地表现出负刚度转变。落塔试验表明，它减少了回弹，降低了首次冲击力，并增加了能量耗散。与聚乙烯网和泡沫塑料相比，这种剪纸超材料片被证明能有效保护下落的鸡蛋。其平面几何结构通过平铺实现面积扩展，并与切割、模压和层压等片材级制造工艺兼容，确立了剪纸超材料片作为实用冲击吸收器的地位。
英文摘要
Impact absorbers based on mechanical metamaterials often use bulky, vertically stacked architectures, limiting large area deployment and scalable manufacturing. Here, we propose a kirigami meta-sheet as a planar absorber that uses transitions between positive and negative stiffness regimes rather than sacrificial crushing. Guided by an analysis of a simple mass-spring-damper model, we program the stiffness of kirigami meta-sheets through the hinge ratio connecting the unit cells. Quasistatic indentation experiments confirm that the meta-sheet with a low hinge ratio most clearly exhibits the negative stiffness transition. The drop-tower tests show that it reduces rebound, decreases the first impact force, and increases dissipation. Unlike polyethylene mesh and styrofoam, this kirigami meta-sheet is shown to be effective in protecting a falling egg. Its planar geometry enables area scaling by tiling and is compatible with sheet level manufacturing routes such as cutting, molding, and lamination, establishing kirigami meta-sheets as practical impact absorbers.
