发表机构
Tianjin University; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tsinghua University; Institute of Advanced Light Source Facilities（天津大学; 大连化学物理研究所; 济南量子技术研究院; 中国科学院物理研究所; 清华大学; 先进光源设施研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种集成双电光亚周期定时探测器，在芯片级尺寸上实现11 yoctosecond精度、6.15 ps动态范围，可扩展至亚10 rontosecond，用于探测引力波等微弱信号。
AI 中文摘要
精确的定时探测对于探索从自由电子激光器到超高功率激光设施等领域的超快现象至关重要。然而，同时实现高分辨率和大的动态范围仍然是一个基本挑战，现有技术系统常常受到其物理尺寸、功率需求和有限可扩展性的制约。在此，我们介绍一种集成的双电光亚周期定时探测器（DEST），它克服了这些限制。在一次原理验证测量中，该器件在1 MHz频率下分辨出小至11 yoctoseconds（ys，$10^{-24}$ s）的定时抖动——相当于光穿过两个质子的渡越时间——同时保持6.15 ps的无歧义测量范围和超过155 dB的动态范围。核心探测单元在薄膜铌酸锂平台上被小型化至芯片级尺寸18 mm x 2 mm x 1 mm，确保了固有的稳定性和对环境干扰的免疫性。此外，该架构通过阵列集成自然适用于大规模并行化，有潜力在1 $m^2$的占地面积内将定时精度推至亚10 rontosecond（rs，$10^{-27}$ s）水平。这种极端灵敏度、宽动态范围、紧凑尺寸和可扩展性的结合，为探测以前无法触及的微弱信号开辟了新途径，包括来自引力波、量子真空涨落等的信号。
英文摘要
Precise timing detection is essential for exploring ultrafast phenomena in fields ranging from free-electron lasers to ultra-high-power laser facilities. However, achieving simultaneous high resolution and large dynamic range remains a fundamental challenge, and state of the art systems are often constrained by their physical size, power requirements, and limited scalability. Here we introduce an integrated dual electro optic sub cycle timing detector (DEST) that overcomes these limitations. In a proof of principle measurement, the device resolves timing jitter as small as 11 yoctoseconds (ys, $10^{-24}$ s) at 1 MHz--equivalent to the transit time of light across two protons--while maintaining an unambiguous measurement range of 6.15 ps and a dynamic range exceeding 155 dB. The core detection unit is miniaturized to chip scale dimensions of 18 mm x 2 mm x 1 mm on a thin film lithium niobate platform, ensuring inherent stability and immunity to environmental disturbances. Moreover, the architecture naturally lends itself to massive parallelization through array integration, with the potential to push timing precision to the sub 10 rontosecond (rs, $10^{-27}$ s) level within a 1 $m^2$ footprint. This combination of extreme sensitivity, wide dynamic range, compact size, and scalability opens new avenues for detecting previously inaccessible weak signals, including those from gravitational waves, quantum vacuum fluctuations, and beyond.
Comments48 pages, 31 figures
