发表机构
University of Missouri; Space Telescope Science Institute; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian; Princeton University; Flatiron Institute; Purdue University; Colby College; UC San Diego; University of São Paulo（密苏里大学; 太空望远镜科学研究所; 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校; 哈佛与史密森尼天体物理中心; 普林斯顿大学; 平托研究所; 普渡大学; 科尔比学院; 加州大学圣地亚哥分校; 圣保罗大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
RXDF是Roman望远镜深度巡天项目，覆盖面积超哈勃深场140倍，深度达AB=30星等，旨在研究再电离、大尺度结构、黑洞增长及高红移超新星等关键问题。
AI 中文摘要
罗马极端深场（RXDF）项目是获准在Nancy Grace Roman太空望远镜第1和第2周期观测时间的五个通用天体物理巡天（GAS）项目之一。该项目被分配了386.41小时，用于进行一项成像巡天，其灵敏度达到AB=30星等（5σ），覆盖面积约为哈勃极端深场（HXDF）全深度区域（ACS+WFC3/IR）面积的140倍。RXDF将覆盖Roman望远镜的全部波长范围，使用7个波段，在全深度面积678.75平方角分（嵌入总面积1,243平方角分）内，在RZYJH波段达到AB=30星等，在F波段达到29星等，在K波段达到28星等，深度远超Roman核心社区巡天（CCS）。RXDF位于北黄极（NEP）附近的欧几里得超深场（EUDF）内，这是一个面向跨代空间设施的具有战略意义的长期观测场，拥有丰富的多波段数据，包括来自詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）NEXUS遗产项目的广泛覆盖。观测将覆盖3个历元，间隔为1年，每个历元分为3个相隔约10天的子历元，从而能够在约10天至超过2年的时间基线上进行时域研究。RXDF在解决再电离、大尺度结构（LSS）、超大质量黑洞（SMBH）增长、小红点（LRD）和高红移超新星（SNe）等关键问题方面具有独特优势；在这些极端深度下，HST+JWST所探测的体积过小，即使是最深的CCS层级也过浅。除了我们的核心目标外，通过向社区快速发布数据集，将推动大量额外的科学研究，为持久遗产带来广泛的科学变革。这份简短文档由已获批准的RXDF提案转换而来，旨在向社区提供该项目的概要。
英文摘要
The Roman eXtreme Deep Field (RXDF) program is one of the five General Astrophysics Survey (GAS) programs approved for observing time with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in Cycles 1 and 2. It has been allocated 386.41 hours to carry out an imaging survey to AB = 30 mag (5-sigma) over ~140x larger area than the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (HXDF) full-depth area (ACS+WFC3/IR). The RXDF will cover the full Roman wavelength range with 7 bands, reaching AB = 30 mag in RZYJH, 29 mag in F, and 28 mag in K, over a full-depth area of 678.75 arcmin^2 embedded in a total area of 1,243 arcmin^2, and far exceeding the depths of the Roman Core Community Surveys (CCS). The RXDF is within the Euclid Ultra Deep Field (EUDF) near the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP), a strategic long-term field for generational space facilities, with a wealth of multi-wavelength data including extensive coverage from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NEXUS Treasury program. The observations will cover 3 epochs at a 1-year cadence, each epoch divided into 3 sub-epochs ~10 days apart, enabling time-domain studies on time baselines from ~10 days to over ~2 years. The RXDF is uniquely positioned to address critical questions in reionization, large scale structure (LSS), growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), little red dots (LRDs), and high-z supernovae (SNe); the volumes probed by HST+JWST are too small at these extreme depths, and even the deepest CCS tiers are too shallow. In addition to our key objectives, a wealth of additional science will be enabled by engaging the community with our rapidly released datasets, revolutionizing a wide range of science for a lasting legacy. This short document, which is converted from the approved RXDF proposal, aims to provide the community with a summary of the program.
