发表机构
Universität Bonn; Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn; Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik（波恩大学; 波恩大学应用物理研究所; 基尔霍夫物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文在光子二聚体中实验实现可调非厄米相互作用，发现其与相干隧穿共同稳定极限环，并绘制相图揭示Hopf分岔，验证了耗散相互作用可组织集体非线性动力学。
AI 中文摘要
相互作用支配着经典和量子多体系统中集体行为的涌现。虽然保守相互作用众所周知能产生从自陷到图案形成的非线性现象，但纯粹的耗散性（即非厄米）相互作用是否也能产生同样丰富的动力学和非平凡系统态，在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们在一个染料填充的双阱微腔中，通过实验实现了两个耦合光凝聚体中的可调非厄米相互作用。与分子储层的局部耦合产生了有效的耗散光子相互作用。我们表明，相干隧穿与相互作用之间的相互作用稳定了极限环振荡，这是传统上与厄米非线性相关的非线性动力学的标志。通过调节储层耦合，我们绘制了包含稳定不动点和极限环的动力学相图，从而展示了对相互作用强度的直接控制。我们的实验验证模型揭示了超临界和亚临界Hopf分岔，产生了迟滞、双稳态和可激性。这些结果验证了耗散相互作用作为驱动-耗散系统中组织集体非线性动力学的一种机制，并为通过受控耗散探索非平衡多体物理铺平了道路。
英文摘要
Interactions govern the emergence of collective behaviour in classical and quantum many-body systems. While conservative interactions are well known to generate nonlinear phenomena ranging from self-trapping to pattern formation, it remains largely unexplored whether purely dissipative -- i.e., non-Hermitian -- interactions can give rise to similarly rich dynamics and nontrivial system states. Here, we experimentally realise tuneable non-Hermitian interactions in two coupled condensates of light confined within a dye-filled double-well microcavity. Local coupling to molecular reservoirs generates the effective dissipative photon interactions. We show that the interplay between coherent tunnelling and interactions stabilises limit-cycle oscillations, a hallmark of nonlinear dynamics traditionally associated with Hermitian nonlinearities. By tuning the reservoir coupling, we map out the dynamical phase diagram comprising stable fixed points and limit cycles, thereby demonstrating direct control over the interaction strength. Our experimentally validated model reveals both supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations, giving rise to hysteresis, bistability and excitability. These results validate dissipative interactions as a mechanism for organising collective nonlinear dynamics in driven-dissipative systems and pave the way towards exploring nonequilibrium many-body physics through controlled dissipation.
Comments12 pages, 7 figures
