气泡和浊度受损环境下水下光无线通信的二阶衰落统计
Second-Order Fade Statistics in Underwater Optical Wireless Communications in Air-Bubble and Turbidity-Impaired Environments
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过理论和实验表征了气泡干扰UOWC信道的LCR和AFD，发现浊度对衰落统计的影响取决于气泡尺寸，并利用二阶统计量评估了POP性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
水下光信号在受气泡干扰的信道中传播会引起辐照度波动和部分视距遮挡，从而降低水下光无线通信（UOWC）系统的性能。尽管此类信道的一阶衰落统计已被广泛研究，但其二阶统计量，即电平交叉率（LCR）和平均衰落持续时间（AFD），仍鲜有探索。本文针对不同气泡尺寸和水浊度条件下气泡干扰的UOWC信道，对LCR和AFD进行了理论和实验表征。基于Rice公式以及累积分布函数（CDF）结合采样辐照度的二元CDF，开发了两种分析方法，并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明，在小气泡条件下，水浊度对衰落统计的影响可忽略不计。相比之下，对于大气泡，浊水导致的衰落比自来水更短但更频繁，这是因为粒子引起的光束扩展降低深度衰落和长时间遮挡事件的可能性。最后，利用导出的二阶统计量，通过两状态马尔可夫信道模型评估了数据包中断概率（POP）性能，表明尽管浊水情况下的衰落持续时间较短，但较高的衰落速率导致更大的POP。
英文摘要
The propagation of underwater optical signals through air-bubble-impaired channels induces irradiance fluctuations and partial line-of-sight blockages that degrade the performance of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems. Although the first-order fading statistics of such channels have been extensively investigated, their second-order statistics, namely the level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade duration (AFD), remain rather unexplored. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental characterization of the LCR and AFD in bubble-impaired UOWC channels under different bubble sizes and water turbidity conditions. Two analytical approaches are developed based on Rice's formula and on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) together with the bivariate CDF of the sampled irradiance, and are validated experimentally. The results show that water turbidity has a negligible effect on fade statistics under small-bubble conditions. In contrast, for large bubbles, turbid water leads to shorter but more frequent fades than tap water, as particle-induced beam spreading reduces the likelihood of deep fades and prolonged blockage events. Finally, the derived second-order statistics are applied to evaluate the packet outage probability (POP) performance using a two-state Markov channel model, demonstrating that the higher fade rate in the turbid water case results in a larger POP despite the shorter fade durations.
发表机构
- Aix-Marseille University（艾克斯-马赛大学）
- CNRS, Centrale Méd, Fresnel Institute（法国国家科学研究中心，中央马德学院，费斯奈尔研究所）
- University of Málaga（马拉加大学）
- University Institute of Telecommunication Research (TELMA)（电信研究所（TELMA））
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
