构网型逆变器的分布式无下垂控制：动态线路与负荷建模

中文摘要 AI 辅助

无下垂分布式控制已成为交流微电网中协调逆变器资源的一种有前景的替代传统线性下垂控制的方法。然而，现有的无下垂方法通常依赖于准稳态网络模型，这些模型忽略了快速电磁暂态，并假设有功功率和无功功率分别与频率和电压呈解耦依赖关系。本文提出了一种面向构网型（GFM）逆变器的暂态感知无下垂分布式一次/二次控制框架。控制目标是在规定界限内实现有功和无功功率的比例分配、频率调节和电压调节。所提方法将网络线路和负荷的动态模型纳入控制设计，从而能够准确表征暂态行为，同时捕捉功率流相互作用的耦合特性。基于优化公式推导出梯度型分布式控制更新，其中电压幅值约束通过投影算子强制执行。为验证所提控制的性能，在强电网和弱电网条件下，对四逆变器微电网在负荷变化情况下进行了实时仿真研究。结果表明，所提方法改善了暂态性能，尤其是在弱电网中，同时保持了与现有基于QSS的无下垂方法相同的稳态运行条件。

英文摘要

Droop-free distributed control has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional linear droop control for coordinating inverter-based resources in AC microgrids. However, existing droop-free methods typically rely on quasi-steady state network models that neglect fast electromagnetic transients and assume a decoupled dependence of active and reactive power on frequency and voltage, respectively. In this paper, we propose a transient-aware droop-free distributed primary/secondary control framework for grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The control objective is to achieve proportional active and reactive power sharing, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation within prescribed bounds. The proposed approach incorporates dynamic models of network lines and loads into the control design, enabling accurate representation of transient behavior while capturing the coupled nature of power flow interactions. A gradient-based distributed control update is derived from an optimization formulation, in which voltage magnitude constraints are enforced through a projection operator. To validate the performance of the proposed control, real-time simulation studies are conducted on a four-inverter microgrid under load changes in both strong and weak grid conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves transient performance, particularly in weak grids, while preserving the same steady state operating conditions as existing QSS-based droop-free approaches.

发表机构

• Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）

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