发表机构
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过结合费米超链-欧拉-拉格朗日理论与关联基配对理论，确定了微波屏蔽极性分子中$p$-波超流性的普适参数区域，发现双微波缀饰可克服单微波局限，并给出了实验可行的实现条件。
AI 中文摘要
费米极性分子中的手性 $p_x\\!\pm\\! i p_y$ 超流性为具有非阿贝尔激发的拓扑量子物质提供了直接途径，然而配对在强关联和竞争性不稳定性中得以存活的参数区域此前仍未得到解决。在此，我们确定了微波屏蔽极性分子的这一区域。在沿 $z$ 方向紧约束下，微观分子相互作用塌缩为一种普适的准二维形式，该形式由相互作用长度 $\sigma$（定义为吸引极小值的位置）和单一无量纲耦合参数决定。我们将费米超链-欧拉-拉格朗日理论与关联基配对理论相结合，从而在统一框架内处理关联空穴、密度响应、均匀流体的稳定性以及 $p$-波配对。最大的配对能隙出现在二维密度 $4\times10^{-2}/\sigma^2$ 处长期自旋odal不稳定性的稳定侧。将此普适区域映射到微观屏蔽方案，揭示了单微波缀饰的内在局限性：将吸引力减弱至最佳配对范围的同时会削弱碰撞屏蔽。双微波缀饰通过补偿长程吸引力同时保留大的排斥核心来消除这一限制。对碰撞损失、约束和微波幅度稳定性施加明确要求，我们确定了有利于 $p$-波超流性的分子质量和偶极矩区域，并确定了其实验上可行的微波和约束条件。这些结果将分子 $p$-波超流性的探索转化为定量优化问题，并定义了通往拓扑弱配对相的路径。
英文摘要
Chiral $p_x\!\pm\! i p_y$ superfluidity in fermionic polar molecules offers a direct route to topological quantum matter with non-Abelian excitations, yet the parameter regime in which pairing survives strong correlations and competing instabilities has remained unresolved. Here we determine this regime for microwave-shielded polar molecules. Under tight confinement along the \(z\) direction, the microscopic molecular interaction collapses onto a universal quasi-two-dimensional form specified by an interaction length $σ$, defined as the position of its attractive minimum, and a single dimensionless coupling. We combine Fermi-hypernetted-chain Euler--Lagrange theory with correlated-basis pairing theory, thereby treating the correlation hole, density response, stability of the homogeneous fluid, and $p$-wave pairing within one framework. The largest pairing gap occurs immediately on the stable side of a long-wavelength spinodal instability at a two-dimensional density $4\times10^{-2}/σ^2$. Mapping this universal regime onto microscopic shielding schemes exposes an intrinsic limitation of single-microwave dressing: weakening the attraction to the optimal pairing range simultaneously weakens collisional shielding. Dual-microwave dressing removes this constraint by compensating the long-range attraction while retaining a large repulsive core. Imposing explicit requirements on collisional loss, confinement, and microwave-amplitude stability, we identify the regime of molecular mass and dipole moment favorable for \(p\)-wave superfluidity and determine experimentally realistic microwave and confinement conditions for its realization. These results turn the search for molecular $p$-wave superfluidity into a quantitative optimization problem and define a route toward the topological weak-pairing phase.
Comments15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
