内容何时“AI生成程度足够”？《数字服务法》与《人工智能法》下的合成媒体标注
When Is Content "AI-Generated Enough"? Labelling Synthetic Media under the Digital Services Act and the AI Act
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- TU Delft（代尔夫特理工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文探讨欧盟《数字服务法》与《人工智能法》下合成媒体标注的治理挑战，分析法律阈值与技术系统如何决定标注义务，并识别定义模糊、界面设计、沟通效果及公平性四大紧张点。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
欧洲平台和人工智能治理日益依赖透明度义务来应对合成和操纵媒体。根据《数字服务法》，超大型在线平台和搜索引擎可使用显著标记和面向接收者的提示工具，作为系统性风险缓解措施。根据《人工智能法》，提供者必须支持机器可读标记，而部署者必须披露深度伪造及某些AI生成或操纵的公共利益文本，但须符合法定条件。本扩展摘要探讨了标注何时是对合成媒体的有意义的监管回应，以及何时可能变得过度包容、包容不足或无效。它认为，核心挑战不仅在于内容是否应被标注，还在于法律阈值、技术溯源系统、平台界面和报告实践如何决定内容何时具有足够的生成性、操纵性或逼真性，从而触发透明度义务。借鉴新兴的《人工智能法》第50条实施框架和《数字服务法》理由声明数据库的快照，本文识别了四个治理紧张点：定义模糊性、界面与责任设计、沟通有效性以及公平性与可争议性。它将标注概念化为一种社会技术分类实践，在AI提供者、部署者、平台、上传者和接收者之间分配责任。
英文摘要
European platform and AI governance increasingly relies on transparency duties to address synthetic and manipulated media. Under the DSA, very large online platforms and search engines may use prominent markings and recipient-facing indication tools as systemic-risk mitigation measures. Under the AI Act, providers must support machine-readable marking, while deployers must disclose deepfakes and certain AI-generated or manipulated public-interest text, subject to statutory qualifications. This extended abstract examines when labelling is a meaningful regulatory response to synthetic media and when it risks becoming over-inclusive, under-inclusive, or ineffective. It argues that the central challenge is not only whether content should be labelled, but how legal thresholds, technical provenance systems, platform interfaces, and reporting practices determine when content is sufficiently generated, manipulated, or authentic-looking to trigger transparency obligations. Drawing on the emerging Article 50 AI Act implementation framework and a snapshot of the DSA Statement of Reasons database, the paper identifies four governance tensions: definitional ambiguity, interface and responsibility design, communicative effectiveness, and fairness and contestability. It conceptualises labelling as a socio-technical classification practice that distributes responsibility among AI providers, deployers, platforms, uploaders, and recipients.
