可编程中性原子几何结构中动力学结构因子协议的基准测试

中文摘要 AI 辅助

动力学结构因子是凝聚态物理中的一个核心可观测量，为量子材料的激发谱和动力学响应提供了直接洞察。虽然传统上通过非弹性中子散射在真实材料中获取该信息，但近期研究表明，在量子模拟器中利用合适的动力学协议也可以提取类似信息。迄今为止，这些方法主要在一维可积模型（如标准横场伊辛链）中得到演示。在本工作中，我们利用中性原子量子处理单元的数值模拟来评估在更广泛的类伊辛自旋系统中测量动力学结构因子的可行性。除了标准的一维横场伊辛链，我们还在具有二聚化相互作用的链以及二维横场伊辛模型中对该协议进行基准测试，在这些模型中，大尺度下的谱性质难以通过经典数值方法获取。我们进一步分析了该协议在现实实验条件下的鲁棒性，包括有限模拟时间、脉冲调制、位置无序和激光噪声。我们的结果表明，中性原子量子模拟器可以为在经典模拟日益困难的情况下探测动力学响应函数提供一条实用途径，为实验实现铺平道路。

英文摘要

The dynamical structure factor is a central observable in condensed-matter physics, providing direct insight into the excitation spectrum and dynamical response of quantum materials. While it is traditionally accessed in real materials through inelastic neutron scattering, recent works have shown that analogous information can be extracted in quantum simulators using suitable dynamical protocols. So far, these approaches have been demonstrated mainly in paradigmatic integrable one-dimensional models. In this work, we use numerical emulations of a neutral-atom quantum processing unit to assess the feasibility of measuring the dynamical structure factor in a broader class of Ising-like spin systems. Beyond the standard one-dimensional transverse-field Ising chain, we benchmark the protocol in chains with dimerized interactions and in the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model, where spectral properties are difficult to access with classical numerical methods at large scales. We further analyze the robustness of the protocol under realistic experimental conditions, including finite simulation times, pulse modulation, positional disorder, and laser noise. Our results show that neutral-atom quantum simulators can provide a practical route to probing dynamical response functions in regimes where classical simulations become increasingly demanding, paving the way toward experimental implementation.

发表机构

• Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Universita’ di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系）
• INFN, Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼组分所）
• PASQAL SAS（帕斯卡尔公司）

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