发表机构
University of Edinburgh; University of Nottingham(爱丁堡大学; 诺丁汉大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文从三维几何视角系统回顾八元数、分裂八元数、双八元数、复Albert代数及例外李代数e6,给出从三维向量空间构造这些代数的函子性方法,并应用于三维流形,最后显式描述e6及其子代数。
AI 中文摘要
我们从三维几何的视角回顾“例外数学”中的若干主题:八元数 $\mathbb{O}$、分裂八元数 $\mathbb{O}'$、双八元数 $\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C} \cong \mathbb{C} \otimes_\mathbb{R} \mathbb{O}$、复Albert代数 $\mathfrak{h}_3(\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C})$,以及例外李代数 $\mathfrak{e}_6$ 的复形式。我们展示了如何从任意配备内积和复体积形式的3维复向量空间出发,函子性地构造一个与 $\mathbb{O}$ 同构的代数。类似地,我们从配备体积形式的3维实向量空间出发构造一个与 $\mathbb{O}'$ 同构的代数,并从配备复体积形式的3维复向量空间出发构造一个与 $\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C}$ 同构的代数。我们给出了这些构造在三维实流形和复流形上的应用。最后,我们描述了如何从三个配备复体积形式的3维复向量空间出发,构造一个与 $\mathfrak{h}_3(\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C})$ 同构的Jordan代数。最后这个构造给出了复李代数 $\mathfrak{e}_6$ 及其子代数 $\mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C}) \oplus \mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C}) \oplus \mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C})$ 的一个简洁显式描述。
英文摘要
We review some topics in "exceptional mathematics'' from the perspective of 3-dimensional geometry: the octonions $\mathbb{O}$, the split octonions $\mathbb{O}'$, the bioctonions $\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C} \cong \mathbb{C} \otimes_\mathbb{R} \mathbb{O}$, the complex Albert algebra $\mathfrak{h}_3(\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C})$, and the complex form of the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_6$. We show how to functorially build an algebra isomorphic to $\mathbb{O}$ from any 3d complex vector space equipped with an inner product and complex volume form. Similarly, we build one isomorphic to $\mathbb{O}'$ starting from a 3d real vector space equipped with a volume form, and one isomorphic to $\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C}$ starting from a 3d complex vector space equipped with a complex volume form. We give applications to 3-dimensional real and complex manifolds. Finally, we describe how to build an Jordan algebra isomorphic to $\mathfrak{h}_3(\mathbb{O}_\mathbb{C})$ starting from three 3d complex vector spaces equipped with complex volume forms. This last construction gives a nice explicit description of the complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_6$ and its subalgebra $\mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C}) \oplus \mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C}) \oplus \mathfrak{sl}(3,\mathbb{C})$.
Comments28 pages LaTeX, TikZ figures