发表机构
CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico – IST Universidade de Lisboa – UL; Departamento de Física Fundamental, Universidad de Salamanca; Insituto Universitario de Física Fundamental y Matemáticas (IUFFyM), Universidad de Salamanca（里斯本理工大学高级技术学院物理系中心; 萨拉曼卡大学基础物理系; 萨拉曼卡大学基础物理与数学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
提出一种基于完全相对论光子传播时间计算的脉冲星计时新方法，用于表征银河系中心超大质量黑洞Sgr A*的性质，预测可将质量约束改进至少三个数量级。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出了一种针对绕超大质量黑洞运行的脉冲星进行计时的新方法，该方法将光子传播时间的完全相对论计算纳入一个稳健的计时模型中。我们为几颗假设的、在银河系中心超大质量黑洞人马座A*（Sgr A*）附近紧密轨道上运行的脉冲星生成了真实的模拟到达时间目录。随后，我们进行了概念验证的灵敏度分析，以预测未来观测设施（如平方公里阵列）在表征我们计时模型参数时将达到的精度。我们的分析表明，对银河系中心脉冲星的观测将为表征Sgr A*的物理性质开辟一条极具前景的途径，这可以将目前通过S星和事件视界尺度观测获得的黑洞质量约束改进至少三个数量级。
英文摘要
We propose a novel approach for the timing of pulsars orbiting a supermassive black hole, which implements the fully relativistic calculations of the photon travel time into a robust timing model. We generate realistic mock catalogues of pulsar times-of-arrival for several putative pulsars on tight orbits around the Galactic Center supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Then, we perform a proof-of-concept sensitivity analysis to forecast the accuracy that future observational facilities, like the Squared Kilometer Array, will achieve in the characterization of the parameters of our timing model. Our analysis shows how the observation of pulsars at the Galactic Center will open an incredibly promising avenue for the characterization of the physical properties of Sgr A*, which can improve by at least three orders of magnitude the current constraints on the black hole's mass achieved with the S-stars and event-horizon scale observations.
Comments6 pages, 2 figures. Matches version published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Journal refThe Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 1007 (2026), Issue 2, id. L43
