发表机构
Centre for Quantum Science and Technology, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University（锡卡奥阿努桑丹认定大学量子科学与技术中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
提出可扩展的辅助量子比特协议，利用GHZ辅助态和局域幺正操作，在不消耗系统态的情况下严格判别多方GHZ类态，并解析了噪声影响，通过Qiskit验证可行性。
AI 中文摘要
非破坏性量子态判别是分布式量子信息处理中的一项基本原语，在此过程中，共享的多方纠缠资源需要在不被消耗的情况下被识别。在本工作中，我们提出了一种可扩展的辅助量子比特辅助协议，用于对分布在远距离各方之间的$n$量子比特GHZ类态进行严格非破坏性判别。通过采用多方GHZ辅助态和局域幺正相互作用，我们展示了系统GHZ态的计算模式和相对相位信息可以被相干地映射到两个辅助寄存器上，同时保持系统态不变。我们明确推导了三量子比特和四量子比特GHZ类态的判别规则，并开发了到任意$n$的系统性扩展。我们进一步研究了在辅助系统中存在退极化和振幅阻尼噪声时的判别协议，并获得了成功概率及相应临界噪声阈值的解析表达式。该协议还在IBM Qiskit平台上实现，以展示其实验可行性并重现预期的辅助测量特征。所提出的框架为多方GHZ类态的严格非破坏性判别提供了一种可扩展的方法，并暗示了将辅助GHZ资源更广泛地解释为退相干探针的可能性，为分布式量子系统中的量子退相干传感开辟了潜在联系。
英文摘要
Nondestructive quantum state discrimination is a fundamental primitive in distributed quantum information processing, where shared multipartite entangled resources need to be identified without being consumed. In this work, we present a scalable ancilla-assisted protocol for the strict nondestructive discrimination of $n$-qubit GHZ-class states distributed among distant parties. By employing multipartite GHZ ancillary states and local unitary interactions, we show that the computational-pattern and relative-phase information of the system GHZ state can be coherently mapped onto two ancillary registers while leaving the system state unchanged. We explicitly derive the discrimination rules for three- and four-qubit GHZ-class states and develop a systematic extension to arbitrary $n$. We further investigate the discrimination protocol in the presence of depolarizing and amplitude-damping noise in the ancillary system and obtain analytical expressions for the success probability and the corresponding critical noise thresholds. The protocol is also implemented using the IBM Qiskit platform to demonstrate its experimental feasibility and reproduce the expected ancillary measurement signatures. The proposed framework provides a scalable approach to the strict nondestructive discrimination of multipartite GHZ-class states and suggests a broader interpretation of the ancillary GHZ resources as probes of decoherence, opening a possible connection to quantum decoherence sensing in distributed quantum systems.
