NEXUS：瞬变源搜寻与第一年观测的初步结果
NEXUS: Transient Searches and First Results from Year One Observations
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- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
- University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）
- Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
- Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
- UC San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校）
- University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）
- Peking University（北京大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
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中文总结 AI 辅助
NEXUS项目利用JWST多历元成像和光谱在北黄极区域搜寻高红移瞬变源，第一年探测到68个瞬变源，其中37个获得光谱红移，探测效率为每成像小时6.6个超新星，并发布了新的PSF测光软件包。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们描述了利用NEXUS JWST多周期巡天项目（目标为北黄极区域）的多历元NIRCam成像（F200W+F444W）和NIRSpec MSA/PRISM光谱进行的高红移瞬变源搜寻的持续工作。瞬变源搜寻区域在参考历元与每个后续NEXUS-Deep历元之间覆盖约61.5平方角分，观测节奏约为2个月。在NEXUS第一年的观测中，我们探测到68个可靠的瞬变源，其宿主星系的光度红移分布在高红移（z>2）处迅速下降，但延伸至z_phot≈6。此外，我们通过NIRSpec/PRISM和NIRCam/WFSS为37个瞬变源（约54%）获得了可靠的光谱红移，其中17个位于1<z<2，8个位于2<z<3，2个位于3<z<4，以及一个暂定的宿主星系关联于z=6.151。总体而言，NEXUS项目恢复的观测超新星（SN）率与其他JWST超新星搜寻项目大致一致。尽管NEXUS实现了最高的瞬变源探测效率，即每成像小时6.6个超新星（是COSMOS-SN的2.6倍，JADES-SN的26倍），但有限的滤光片覆盖（仅F200W+F444W）限制了对高红移超新星的可靠识别和分类，以进行深度光谱后续观测。我们描述了数据归约和瞬变源探测流程的细节，并报告了第一年的瞬变源样本及其光变曲线、可用的MSA光谱、宿主星系关联以及原始探测率。我们还描述并发布了一个新的PSF测光软件包，该软件包能适当考虑由drizzled图像组合产生的相关像素噪声。
英文摘要
We describe ongoing efforts of high-redshift transient searches using multi-epoch NIRCam imaging (F200W+F444W) and NIRSpec MSA/PRISM spectroscopy from the NEXUS JWST multi-cycle Treasury program targeting the north ecliptic pole region. The transient search area covers $\sim 61.5\,{\rm arcmin^2}$ between the reference epoch and each subsequent NEXUS-Deep epoch at a cadence of $\sim2$~months. In the first year of observations from NEXUS, we detect 68 robust transients, with the host photometric redshift distribution declining rapidly at $z>2$ but extending to $z_{\rm phot}\approx 6$. In addition, we obtained secure spectroscopic redshifts for 37 transients ($\sim54\%$) from NIRSpec/PRISM and NIRCam/WFSS, with seventeen at $1 < z < 2$, eight at $2 < z < 3$, two at $3 < z < 4$, and one tentative host association at z = 6.151. Overall, the NEXUS program recovers observed supernova (SN) rates broadly consistent with other SN search programs with JWST. While NEXUS achieves the highest transient detection efficiency, 6.6 SNe per imaging hr ($2.6\times$ COSMOS-SN and $26\times$ JADES-SN), the limited filter coverage (F200W+F444W only) limits robust identification and classification of high-$z$ SNe for deep spectroscopic follow-up. We describe the details of the data reduction and transient detection pipeline, and report the Year-1 transient sample along with their light curves, available MSA spectroscopy, host association, and the raw detection rate. We also describe and release a new PSF photometry package that properly accounts for correlated pixel noise from combining drizzled images.
