分阶段混合量子-经典编程

中文摘要 AI 辅助

混合量子-经典计算系统由经典控制系统组成，该系统向量子协处理器发送量子电路并接收测量结果。此类系统使我们能够对需要经典控制系统根据先前测量结果实时生成量子电路的算法进行建模。这具有挑战性，因为经典控制系统必须生成能够操纵活跃量子态的量子电路。在此设置中，经典控制系统在量子协处理器内部维持活跃量子比特状态的同时生成进一步的量子电路；这并不理想，因为这不仅成本高昂，而且还会向活跃量子比特引入额外的噪声源。因此，我们希望通过预计算量子电路来最小化接收测量结果与发送下一个待执行量子电路之间的延迟。我们引入了HyQ（发音为haiku），一种基于伴随逻辑的多模态语言，可在执行混合量子-经典程序之前预生成量子电路。我们通过将语义分为两个不同的阶段来实现这一点：1）量子电路和经典运行时代码的编译时生成，以及2）执行对量子协处理器进行仪器化的经典运行时代码。这种阶段间的分离使我们能够正式保证所有电路生成逻辑都发生在仪器化逻辑（即实际运行时）之前，并最小化量子协处理器在运行时的空闲时间。我们给出了一个类型系统、一个用于编译时阶段的电路归一化语义（该语义急切地执行所有电路生成逻辑），以及一个对应于第二阶段的HyQ运行时语义。我们证明了两种语义的类型保持和进展性质。

英文摘要

Hybrid quantum-classical computing systems consist of a classical control system that sends quantum circuits and receives measurement results from a quantum co-processor. Such systems allow us to model algorithms that require the classical control system to generate quantum circuits on the fly, potentially based on prior measurement results. This is challenging, as the classical control system must generate quantum circuits that manipulate live quantum states. In this setting, the classical control system is generating further quantum circuits while the quantum co-processor is internally maintaining the state of the live qubits; this is not ideal, since this not only is costly but also introduces additional sources of noise to the live qubits. Thus, we want to minimize the latency between receiving measurement results and sending the next quantum circuit to be executed by pre-computing quantum circuits. We introduce HyQ (pronounced haiku), a multi-modal language based on adjoint logic that pre-generates quantum circuits before executing a hybrid quantum-classical program. We achieve this by separating our semantics into two distinct stages: 1) compile-time generation of quantum circuits and classical runtime code and 2) execution of the classical runtime code that instruments the quantum co-processor. This separation between stages allows us to formally guarantee that all circuit-generation logic occurs before the instrumentation logic, i.e., the actual runtime, and minimizes the idling of the quantum co-processor at runtime. We give a type system, a circuit-normalization semantics for the compile-time stage, which eagerly performs all circuit-generation logic, and a runtime semantics for HyQ that corresponds to the second stage. We prove type preservation and progress for both semantics.

发表机构

• McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
• University of South Carolina（南卡罗来纳大学）
• Université du Québec à Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）
• University of Vermont（佛蒙特大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。